Name:________________________________________________________________________
Cell Transport Notes (Unit 3.4-3.10)
KEY TERMS:
• Concentration gradient: difference in concentration of
• Solute: substance ____________________ in a solution.
• Solvent: substance the solute is ______________________.
• Homeostasis: process by which organisms maintain a
• Equilibrium: state that exist when the concentration of a substance
• Hypertonic: when a solution has a _____________ concentration of solute than
• Hypotonic: when a solution has a ___________ solute
concentration than
• Isotonic: solution concentration is the _________ inside and
BACKGROUND INFO:
• Every living cell contains a _____________ interior and is surrounded by _____________.
• The cell membrane regulates movement from one side of the membrane to the other.
• Cytoplasm is a _______________ of many different ________________.
• In a solution, molecules move constantly and collide with one another. This leads to the particles
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• No energy required by
• O2, H2O, and CO2 can _______________ move across the membrane
without
• They will move down the concentration gradient from ________ to
______ concentration.
1) Diffusion
Molecules move from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.
This does not
Molecules move down the concentration gradient until
Once equilibrium is reached molecules will move in
Name:________________________________________________________________________
Simple diffusion- the movement of __________ like oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell
membrane without
2) Osmosis
Type of passive transport- no
It is the diffusion of ____________ through a
Moves from high concentration of water to a
Cell A: The surrounding solution is
_______________. There is a _________________
concentration of water inside the cell than outside
the cell. Water rushes out until
Cell B: The surrounding solution is
________________. The concentration of
water inside the cell is the same as the
concentration outside the cell. Water flows
in and out but
Cell C: The surrounding solution is
________________. There is a lower
concentration of water inside the cell than outside the cell. Water rushes in until the
Plants and Osmosis
Plants (and bacteria) are surrounded by a cell well.
This
Plants are healthiest in hypotonic environment:
water will flow in keeping vacuole full. The cell
membrane will be pressed into the cell wall and the plant will
Animals cells _________________________________________. If they are placed in a
hypotonic environment, water will flow in and the cell will burst. This is called
___________________.
In an isotonic solution: plant cells become
In a hypertonic solution- water leaves the plant cell and the cell membrane pulls
Name:________________________________________________________________________
3) Facilitated Diffusion
Type of passive transport (no energy required) with
Ions, water, sugar, diffuse into and out of the cell through facilitated
diffusion
Some proteins will only allow
Ion channels- allow ions
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• The transport of materials across the cell membrane that
• ATP is the energy molecule used for active transport. Remember this was the
• Moves materials from low concentration to high concentration,
• Cells can use a specific protein ___________________________________ against the concentration gradient
1) Na+/K+ Pump
Pump moves K+ ions ________ the cell, and Na+ ion ______ of
the cell.
Requires energy from ATP =
2) Bulk Transport
The remaining examples of active transport can also be
classified as
Bulk transport = moving larger molecules
Exocytosis- a vesicle will fuse with the cell membrane to
Endocytosis- _____________________________________
___________________________________by the cell
membrane (ingest large food particles, waste, whole cells)
a) Phagocytosis- “cellular eating”- _________________
Name:________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________ into a vesicle that buds off the cell membrane.
b) Pinocytosis- “cellular drinking___________________
____________________________ into a
vesicle that buds off the cell membrane.
