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LIA Inner Product Space

inner product space

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D R Ithihaas
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51 views22 pages

LIA Inner Product Space

inner product space

Uploaded by

D R Ithihaas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
a ee ae “esleeb> Unit: Inner Prodaact Space Product — Innev space § Inner product: ecavapee verter space ove the fieta of veal numbers 4 Complex , Suppose -F , a mappw FIVAV SF said tb be inner product Y uu Sodesties Huse 3 Condittcony Y Huw) do, uto F(Uw=0, u=o i] {(uyv) = F(v,u) symme i] flour, y= aflury) +b4(ur¥) Lnaandty property, , Where wu, WveV 4 a, ber 4 @ & The vector space V along wi int producl plu) ws OMad tnnwr produc? space. Note ‘nnn product of uy ws aloo dunoted i te ee (Uv) os Whee Uw 5 v ane vedtoyg. 3] FER i] >0, vo u #0 4 +b — > Nowm | Nesm a vector u ox lenath of a vector u ws denoted 5 ajc by lull = oon Yo Mull=1, then the veotor uu called unit vector & also called as novmolized vector. I, Hull FL, Hen Awe The proces of finding ifs wal vecloy ie te w called a the veckor ult > Amalt Between Two Veetors | I, angle between two vedors ucv & denoted ty 6,it can be duttumined by, Cos 6 nh is Null-llvil Lut V be aS veckoe space, V= IR [elements om strictly dy] i U=(Uy, Ways +. Un) § ve Vases uv) WO Then dot prodmck, wy =U) +Vbva 4. <> HUnvn i] =O , bt uU=o. g FY OD = WV EUV = UV SVU EMU EV ptn , =° Syiveeehe Ti] We (Wisny, on) autby =a (iy, - pun) + b(W, Ve, b+ Mn) =(aurtby, aust by,» °° > aUptbVn) Laut by, W) = (auebby) Ww, +@U.+ bV2) Ww, 4. oe +-(UntbVn) Wr AF Wy, HATS Un Won BEM a Vat EVAnY a dww)> +t bev, w)> « Dot product an. tne product Note: Dot product tor 1 dimensional: veekor ‘space V=R™ is cabled standard inner product . , shez > 1. fined as Hi dot produce iu > Vuriky that R™ with < > vee prod “ space. Aso expandil 5,484, 64, —FV2) iy N2u -3vii> il} w Bi th soln T Sous by. Vas we 2 BS, wd + 8S Me OD i = Bd, by, 4y> + 8S, by~A> ("By Uneanity) = BXby, ts UP + 8 () By Lhrerdly) = BO + 5CVKy,w> P88 © = 80 + H8LV ua 56 LU, >, u i ( (aaa, as) = <2u-av, 2u-3v> f t = yew — 6 =6dy,u> 44) 7 = Ylluii?—12<,v) 7 whl Cosa V=(355,5) w= (4,2,-3) 6 de uv, Wed, VW, (day i] |2u-3vh™ — Consider us (1,2,4) \ Comwidian u,v, win TR. Fin Wall 4 Ivh. girs uv = (07 +09 WE), 2,0 wee = 2-6420 Uv 516 uw = (1,2, 4) (4,2, -a) = (DCs) #2) HNL) UWey -Y V.W= (23,5). U 2,-3) - Ou) +2) 10-2), V.W= —13. j me wr it loidin,“(Utv).vo ° ‘ Wty => (1/254) £(2)-3,8)> Gr 2 (UAW. => (3, -1,2). (4,2,-3) ; = BO)4 DEA) HDED (Uta HI4,: Mull = (Zapuy = aoe cSt Pa Ye 5 2th Il Ya vy = V+ ees Iwi = Jag > Conder f(t) = 3t-5 § 9(= ton PLY, Yan the | nut ne ‘w def o Ml 5 gil 220M @ Goin? = [4lo-gW-ak > [t-se dt > [650M = 3S -5B5, Wy 3-5 5420 a0 4 (Pyare yl Nein el W. dt = se =) dt Iyi= Reseed oT gll=¥< {a g(d- dt = le ae & Igll= =at-2, nia t?-2zt3 in ro) with + Conder 4W- ne) 40" The Unner product

=e : {pit = op ear ao [ee -3 piel Iigit ay = [Jer =a. oat pes “pied Ngft ae i sy ety 2th -yi], > 142 r 4 nh? Normalization 4 by "hh fe = eater) Nos makizatron 4 g= = BE? = 3-2 ii 1 > Find Hu angle betoen the followiry rare v= (23,5) Sv(j-y3) in TR? wrk He al inney product. So" Standasd IP = Dot product N 6% an lw U Vv, cos O = Cu,vs , ge i. Holl vt ="(2,3,5). (1-4/3) = 20) 3-4) +5 (9 =5 ' lull = View = fou = a ee lun = Y35 IIvl= Vv, v> = fy = Ppa livll = Joe we = = TB), Sol?) Cowden BTA > “Ed 3 -S> BY=|F “f; Je sy dk th 4 62 sy 48 a> = Te (8) = [33-44u ys] a9, SA,Ay = Tr(A"A)= “E jhe 4): h/ion o4 | Bt 46 65 AA > MF 489465 = 2H 1 22 24 5,8) = Tr (88) ~ Hee is lee i 19 2444s 2+ 36 45 = F cos = = 14 WAN LEI) voei. (477 3 fF W4 O= Cos eae egenal —> Check whether too funutiens Pe ger a ‘ ce not who fl)=%nl) § 9(t)=coslD ie CCeyohine Cl =set of all continuous functions -<4.g7= Frog dt said ty be Wu gy ava. octhoganah 4 duv>=0 = = Slt = fs gC -dk = hie cast). dt aL i) i Fra webs wd ) ne sind u = ZA peo =a funckion overt Find oa non zevo yetky whith is orthogonal 4 (1%!) § | (5,4) in TR’. J Sol” Let u= (2) § v=(2)54) tn TR Lib we (44/2) fo we nud find wrth Hak ns La SY =o §"' =o U.W=0 V.w=0 aed +Z=0 2x+5y +42=0 - et 2ytZ=0 =, 7309 mt ye +4] Le ae i haa a yowlobl, 2=* is ies (%4,2) = (3, -215, k) > (3,2) a eae P Leb us vougy VN uw > wale > Onthogonal Compliment of, bupspace 4 vector Spau v, Lit S$ bea Subspace, $= Sut, =n} ih eee said fo be ‘cvthoganal Compliment vobich den by SL ve W/cymtt} : + Lk w be a subspau rR canned by » Kr wh Mi = 5 /ZUW> =O Sit EMER AID col Lab we (%y,2,%,t) X+2y + 32—442t =O = 0 =) Doctyy tte $2¥=E=0.. aoe aoe treaty ee 3 24 4 12'+/ Jo of 4-5 ‘ Yyv,t ore free varlables, Let yaa, tb, on X4 24 +82—% +2t=0 rap ! Z+Yx-Be=0-, Z=-yrtst Z=-Yb+5e =~ 2a —3(-ybtbO +b —2e X= —2a 4 13b—-Ite ; Ww =(%,4,2,%, 4) = (-2at Bb19¢,4,-yb4 Be, b,c) > 9(21,0,00)4 b13,0,-H,1,0) +6(1%0 59) wot = f-2,1,0,0,0), (13,0-4,1,0), (412,0,5,0,0} Lea bonis » Find an oatho baris for Wi, who to2l33)) ¥ SIP! Lek u=(y424) Sieh oe ca tid ter | =e St 2y+sz4eao. wet ou fret Vorviobles - : yaa, Sebi tec x2 -2a-3b-c w=( 42,8) =(-2a-8b-c,a,b, 6) = (-2,1,0,0)+b(-3,0, Lot c(-L 00,1) ., w= §-2140,0), (-3.0,1,0),0,6,0,09 = Oxthogonal Basis. The set of vectors. $ said fo be te uy each fia pair of the oe an osthogsnol te, =0, a Betnp= 142 1-0 ; aie pe ae onal set ts a Vinearl seen tie eWtharoral’ sek favs. b oe He set forms & as = Veibiekion of Ch Span(s) =v. whet saat bows Vwoa Spack Csnsidut V= Cut Gust: > EthUin bp matin AX=B wheu x uw column wel Fag Hane outs « argue solution 6h system eayuokirn vot, Say that Vis a linear mista L veckoe.. Sin $ orthogonal boats, Vie Gui +G ust Lv, uy = 25 uy FY =o, iF] Auj.uj =D, te} Uru = Cyt,10).(1,-L- > 14 1-1=0 Uw =o ; Sale eli VA) siat4r-1=0 ” *s fs vo Up tys: (U4) Crt) oe Ne lel ra 0 HON Ua De erat a) =a elas beta Us-Wy = Os 2 ' Hes . ie Uy. Uy = =(1115-45-8. Co 1, pee erste -l=0° Uz -Ug=o she & A Us -Ua= (1,1) (4-4 a Siecle -\=0 us “Us=0 ) 184 a yorhary toa Su odhegonal SU Lr uncer Span(s)=tR4. PES onthoeqanal Boxts 4 if] v=(1, 3,-5,6)" VE CU TGUAAG UT CHUy a= C= Cy 3,-5.6) CULL) 145-546 5 16S GUN LL) ane Fe ol (eax CLO (3,-5, 0-0) S845 <0" (bed Ot) tere el 4 = SV WS = (13,28 OVAL TD = I B5AE 3 ae [$W- nla) =0 5 Jertroteend = |aatt+ 2b t2ck tab # bet) - edt ale + pelle 5 ze oh + METS + oor | > 2alt b coy Bapabit2e. sae tag th Het ust ae ae ie ; b 4 c ane fre vaniablu, b=k i, cK aaah ihr + 12k} a v [4% 12 | (ef eds bie (Er 100) hos {serena Sb) eae b> see dallas are se to 2#+I. Projection Hy vector‘ BM Peoiection vector ¥ along W isd ee pug) ~ cm oa ele . oo) “B aUeloe ae cok “Dasfenal gle iasrnnaer st as > c= wD | Sheed tv olny He set vectoes W2 GWAGhet- 46, Thak implies Cy values can be dutermined by ~ «Can, WI>= e (eroweG Ww Ci =< ww) Sina V5 hy belon iy Ri we lbdaden standart innert product. thar ia equal to dot product. Vw > (1-146 6) renege, 2L2)=3 31,242) rity tor tit” (VW) => [8 rae 7 (baad) D> V= (112,346) , WH Span§(.21,2,I)C1c12,A0} io Re. proj (D = cw, +Gn, ‘ = " & Vv 245i ; oe sw bdongs bh TR, sot me ot a Proj OW) = = (ty 348+ uasedi ls oper Ooaiad 1h o2 ye WE h2es oH area ya) Bus, a,-4) pra) (24.242) +/3 Fas By 4 4 cz a z 8 + (y) > (23, 25, Ped) > (Br 25 p28 8) ‘py vet ateng W=tt3 with tren produck, Zb9>= [ge “3b at ‘ 3 1(W = GQw- Pea a es Now = |vay.wer-at =| etearde > fers dt i ° . >A SD a SS ff & 4 By ; 4 1 ets ss = [wn ds Ash aie ADE» |.) adt = [ess] > 15-9 2 Te NAS = Q. Find ssthogonal “boasts pr jello sek veckors. > Gram Sdaraidt ortho snalizakton™ prolrss » let S=fu Us, ++ sUng be the so of given veckoes § We £WipWa,- >> Wrg be He set Ue rrthagoroh vectors. By Gyro Sdn de oxthog er naliz octcan prices we genwole ona feel vectors from the aplver veckors | ’ wi =U Ww, =U, — Ws = Uy — (12,45) 4a 2ty45) (LU up Sean Pa usar B) W. = (1,2,4,5) - @, 3, 3,3) 252 44,2) Wy = Us — Luis.) yy, =o HD Saw WD Se Meh slaficiietehal fara Veitl41 yale ty Ws =(1-3,-4)-2) + ar 22/2) 4 x xO 2H, 1.2) We {wh Wee} did Zu: i tS ~ihagneh Danity 0 jG 6s whe (-2, 412) Now, Nwjil = [aw 4 Ws (BF Vt, 13,2) WS Well Va Was Jig ! Wall = KW V80 1 eet Oe Oy hee ta) ; = GR’ dvdnen) rete Wh = (Gg N30 a0 Yan V30 As ankhmermal bests {mh Hh, vn u Q. find “ onal basis’ and mthenovmal bants . of, He sub, Spann cf A | MECUUUD, WalU-L2D § WW (2,3,-4) 4 BR. Set™ Since veel space = TRY lu ws conatdan starcland bnnen produck = dot product By G SOP. Whee CU W. = Vardi wy, (1/4, 2,2) “40, LLD = (q-2/) | W, = see 12) _ e 2 orthogaral Baris w= Ew, oe a (ub Ld We =(0,-%1) 0). Ws= (% aD Now twill = 4a 0 wal = Ven, way=1e Mol = Vey = [ee OBE B= (MN aa) OO ee OCR 3m Ue He) De peering MMbaATmS CREA whuuw, Wi= al 5 nthe bats a He Subspac. W) “waht Us by S=EV HEEL GR given that

= jusu- | Pe . te ats ee Ba Es = Vy - SMW Wy — = i te Sears ‘vk oe es “k) 9, Cokin oe a ly = Va- = [e (= taddk = |e pewal oS 8) ot . o u = Ie ty 1y a ; 10 iy = My Sie shut D aw (ee “yin \/igo Wy = th 3 baat é | 546 s ate dythogsnal basis We Fee sae a O-vthogmorm al boats = abi WL 8, 843, yeh) = fut a Wal ifige wW, = 33443 ar aie Bests 22087(P-3 EEG) {1/2800 | Q Find a orthogonal mabix P whose firs 70 un> (40273), Py Sel? Lak v= (42) which tathoy onal bu \.t, (-2/0))) ~4(-2,1,0) > (271!) 5 oes) PaLu wwd-{4 7° a t/ 2 nO ene | = QR hactesi zation * : j The suclanqulan malsix A of size mx said hha Ce A QR, whon Qe oxthogonal abet similar Re upper dpc ee ae bt mattix. + Procedure 4p knd gr plea! ; To find He ees mabrie pany qser race "the given ix “To find R mabix appl y ‘on both des, , GATOR =R a4in = R=GASGA. Find Hh Al wade P whose. 2 rows ant wa Ra on tga | es loccinw So”! Let Ve y,z) which w orthogonal fo Ui § Ye te, VU ALtytZ=0 § Vy > L-2y +3z=0. 5 bee eo Reg tina zie pu voriakk, Lik ze ake Soe , weet SY AREA TA cc X= Ba ei Gare af Verity oothogen a eack dixtinct pair, "'UeUg=o0, U2- te 0 a us to Stree Wy Us #0 B G.S.0-P anny We =U, = wy => (1, 20-24) | (az). [: “\-[: NG 3,\ vet So! Lek uy = (2,10), w= l3) ~~ By Gs.0-P Wy) = Uy = (2,-1,0) nen my 9 C0 DE i) Give toe system of equations AX=8 vohu ak =-f3] Solve Hu system of, equations by He Qe factorization Som: Lak wa considyt, ur=l2, 2) w= Gu eet Wee 4) =(&,2,1) ie He a Wau Harner PED 29-3 A bxry=s «= 1fs+3]s1 i dea \4 —> Leask Square Method + In a systern 4 equations Hie number equokions move than Hu ts. o eq unknowns, Hen the System eoyedions is called over dckuumined system equations. To sole House over dikteumined system of equations we ure Last square method which indude the follevoing steps ) Considan AX=B Lohr Ae eee aaa ALTO 24 =b Ay 20+ A224 = no. Hf vows > no. of colwmns ae a ae a = bs B=Bmxi Muy HAYS Y = by a] Mulhply AX=B by AT on both sides, MAX = A'B =F AK=B, Whur Ai ib a sqyuose mabix of size = no. of unknowns | Apply any of the usual techniques to solve AX=B, Q.Solve He plowing system 4, equation AX=B by method of least soyuares - = Lh satda=[2 3) Bl tee v on 0 NAz[3 2123 3\>[F s] “bs4a4 | 5 34] 23 34 Tg afs 2 bY 2 |G) sg 2-3-1 3 4 ere 1 ° AX=B => ATAX = ATB ia oi [: | By solving, 22 + 5y = z y 5x +3 25% Ax =B torment 4 SEE 2H tel LZ} L 2. By solving, ‘Ie Hisy + lye = 3 (8 +344 +242 = 2 a ela a ae aia aa oy

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