1 Two students are asked to determine the speed of sound in air on the school playing fields.

(a) List the apparatus they need.

two stopwatches a speaker and a microphone

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) List the readings that the students need to take.

the time it takes for the sound from the speaker to reach the microphone
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State how the speed of sound is calculated from the readings.
the distance between the microphone and the speaker divided by the time taken
.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State one precaution that could be taken to improve the accuracy of the value obtained.

dont put the microphone and the speaker close

..........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) The table gives some speeds.

speed/ speed of sound speed of sound

m/s in air in water

10

100

1000

10 000

Place a tick in the table to show the speed which is closest to

(i) the speed of sound in air,

(ii) the speed of sound in water.

[2]

[Total: 6]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
2 (a) In the space below, draw a diagram to represent a sound wave.

On your diagram, mark and label

(i) two consecutive compressions and two consecutive rarefactions,

(ii) the wavelength of the wave.

[3]

(b) Fig. 7.1 shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

INFRA–
X-RAYS
RED

Fig. 7.1

(i) On Fig. 7.1, label the positions of γ-rays, visible light waves and radio waves. [1]

(ii) State which of the three types of wave in (i) has the lowest frequency.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State the approximate value of the speed in air of radio waves.

............................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
3 Fig. 7.1 shows how the air pressure at one instant varies with distance along the path of a
continuous sound wave.

air pressure

normal P X Y
air pressure distance in direction
of travel of the wave

Fig. 7.1

(a) What type of waves are sound waves?

Longitudinal waves
......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) On Fig. 7.1, mark on the axis PY

(i) one point C where there is a compression in the wave, [1]

(ii) one point R where there is a rarefaction in the wave. [1]

(c) Describe the motion of a group of air particles situated on the path of the wave shown in
Fig. 7.1.

the particles vibrate and hit each other thus transfering energy to each other
..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) The sound wave shown has speed of 340 m / s and a frequency of 200 Hz.
Calculate the distance represented by PX on Fig. 7.1.

v=f x wavelength
340=2xW
340/2=w
170m=w
170m
distance = ........................[2]

[Total : 7]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 Fig. 6.1 shows the path of a sound wave from a source X.

X
path of sound wave

Y wall

Fig. 6.1

(a) State why a person standing at point Y hears an echo.

because the sound from X will reach him directly before the sound
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
from the wall reaches him
(b) The frequency of the sound wave leaving X is 400 Hz. State the frequency of the sound
wave reaching Y.

400Hz
frequency = ……………….. [1]

(c) The speed of the sound wave leaving X is 330 m/s. Calculate the wavelength of these
sound waves.

330=400 x w
330/400=w
0.825=w
0.825m
wavelength = ………………………. [2]

(d) Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

State what is meant by the term longitudinal.

longitudinal wave particles move in the direction of the wave
..........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[ Total : 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 Fig. 7.1 shows the cone of a loudspeaker that is producing sound waves in air.
At any given moment, a series of compressions and rarefactions exist along the line XY.

cone

X Y
wires

air

Fig. 7.1

(a) On Fig. 7.1, use the letter C to mark three compressions and the letter R to mark three
rarefactions along XY. [1]

(b) Explain what is meant by

(i) a compression,
compression is the region where the wave particles are more concentrated
...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

(ii) a rarefaction.
rarefaction is the region where the particles are far apart
...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) A sound wave is a longitudinal wave. With reference to the sound wave travelling along
XY in Fig. 7.1, explain what is meant by a longitudinal wave.
wave particles in a longitudinal wave move back and forth in the direction of the
..........................................................................................................................................
wave
......................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) There is a large vertical wall 50 m in front of the loudspeaker. The wall reflects the
sound waves.
The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s.
Calculate the time taken for the sound waves to travel from X to the wall and to return
to X.

time = …………………[2]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com [ Total : 7 ]
6 Fig. 8.1 shows plane waves passing through a gap in a barrier that is approximately equal to
the wavelength of the waves.

barrier

Fig. 8.1

(a) What is the name given to the wave property shown in Fig. 8.1?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) In the space below, carefully draw the pattern that would be obtained if the gap were
increased to six times the wavelength of the waves. [4]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c) The effect in Fig. 8.1 is often shown using water waves on the surface of a tank of water.
These are transverse waves. Explain what is meant by a transverse wave.
the particles that carry the energy in a transverse wave move side to side at right
..........................................................................................................................................
angles to the direction of the wave
..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 7 ]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
7 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the air pressure variation along a sound wave.

air pressure

above normal

normal
A B

below normal distance along

wave

Fig. 5.1

(i) On AB in Fig. 5.1, mark one point of compression with a dot and the letter C and
the next point of rarefaction with a dot and the letter R.
(ii) In terms of the wavelength, what is the distance along the wave between a
compression and the next rarefaction?
half the wavelength
...................................................................................................................................
[3]

(b) A sound wave travels through air at a speed of 340 m/s. Calculate the frequency of a
sound wave of wavelength 1.3 m.

340=1.3 x f
340/1.3=f
261.5=f 262hz
frequency = ......................... [2]

[Total : 5]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com