PES University, Bangalore

(Established Under Karnataka Act 16 of 2013)

Department of Science and Humanities

Engineering Mathematics - I - UE21MA141A

Unit - 3: Ordinary Differential Equations: Class Work Problems (12 Hours)

3
1. Solve the equation y 4 dx = (x− 4 − y 3 x)dy
7 5
Answer: (xy) 4 = − 75 y − 4 + c.
′
2. Solve the differential equation y + 4xy + xy 3 = 0.
2 1
Answer: y = (ce4x − 41 )− 2
dy
3. Solve the differential equation dx
− y = y 2 (sinx + cosx)
1
Answer: y = ce−x −sinx

4. Check the equation (3x2 + 2ey )dx + (2xey + 3y 2 )dy = 0 for exactness. If it is exact, find
the solution.
Answer: The given equation is exact and the solution is x3 + 2xey + y3 = c.

5. Solve (2xycosx2 − 2xy + 1)dx + (sinx2 − x2 + 3)dy = 0.

Answer: ysinx2 − x2 y + x + 3y = c.

6. Determine for what values of a and b, the following differential equation is exact and obtain
the general solution of the exact equation (y + x3 )dx + (ax + by 3 )dy = 0.
4 4
Answer: a = 1 and the solution is xy + x4 + by4 = c for all b; and c is the arbitrary constant.

7. Solve the differential equation (5x3 + 12x2 + 6y 2 )dx + 6xydy = 0.

Answer: x5 + 3x4 + 3x2 y 2 = c.

8. Solve the differential equation (xy + y 2 )dx + (x + 2y − 1)dy = 0.

Answer: ex (xy − y + y 2 ) = c.

9. Solve the differential equation (3x2 y 3 ey + y 3 + y 2 )dx + (x3 y 3 ey − xy)dy = 0.

Answer: x3 ey + x + xy = c.

10. Solve the differential equation ( xy · secy − tany)dx + (secy · logx − x)dy = 0.
Answer: ylogx − xsiny = c.
′
11. Solve the differential equation (2xy + x2 )y = 3y 2 + 2xy.
x3
Answer: y(x+y) = c.

12. Solve the differential equation (xysinxy + cosxy)ydx + (xysinxy − cosxy)xdy = 0.

Answer: xsecxy
y
= c.

13. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the hyperbolas x2 − y 2 = c.

Answer: xy = c.

1
 x2 y2
14. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves a2
+ b2 +λ
= 1, where λ is a
parameter.
Answer: x2 + y 2 − 2a2 logx = c.

15. Show that the one parameter family of curves y 2 = 4c(c + x) are self orthogonal.

16. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the family of curves:

(i) r2 = csin(2θ) and (ii) r = c(secθ + tanθ).
Answer: (i) r2 = c∗ cos(2θ) and (ii) r = c∗ e−sinθ .

17. Solve p3 + 2xp2 − p2 y 2 − 2xy 2 p = 0.

Answer: (y − c)(y + x2 − c)( y1 + x + c) = 0.

18. Solve p(p + y) = x(x + y).

2
Answer: (y − x2 − c)(ex (x + y − 1) − c) = 0.
dy 4 dy
19. Solve x2 ( dx ) + 2x dx − y = 0.
4
√
Answer: y = c + 2c x.

20. Solve y = xp2 + p.

1 p2
Answer: x = (1−p) 2 (logp − p + c) and y = (1−p)2
(logp − p + c)

21. Solve y = 2px + y 2 p3 .

Answer: y 2 = 2cx + c3 .

22. Solve y = p2 y + 2px.

Answer: y 2 = c2 + 2cx.

23. If the temperature of the air is 300 C and a metal ball cools from 1000 C to 700 C in 15
minutes, find how long will it take for the metal ball to reach a temperature of 400 C.
Answer: k ≈ 0.0373 and t = 52.17 ≈ 52.2. Thus, we conclude that it will take 52.2
minutes for the metal ball to reach a temperature of 400 C.

24. A bottle of mineral water at a room temperature of 720 F is kept in a refrigerator where the
temperature is 440 F . After half an hour, water cooled to 610 F .
(i) What is the temperature of the mineral water in another half an hour?
(ii) How long will it take to cool to 500 F ?
Answer: (i) k ≈ 0.0166 and (T )t=60 ≈ 54.3. Thus the temperature of the mineral water
after another half an hour is 54.30 F .
(ii) We have to find t when T = 50.
t ≈ 92.8. Thus we conclude that it will take 93 minutes (about one and half hours) for the
cooling of the mineral water to 500 F .

2
 Unit - 4: Higher Order Differential Equations: Class Work Problems (12 Hours)
′′′ ′′ ′
1. Solve the differential equation 4y ′′′′ − 12y − y + 27y − 18y = 0.
−3x 3x
Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e2x + c3 e 2 + c4 e 2 .

2. Solve the initial value problem:

′′ ′ ′ ′′
y ′′′ − 6y + 11y − 6y = 0; y(0) = 0, y (0) = −4, y (0) = −18.
Answer: The constants c1 = 1; c2 = 2; c3 = −3 and y(x) = ex + 2e2x − 3e3x .
′′ ′
3. Solve y + 2y + y = 2e3x .
e3x
Answer: y(x) = (c1 + c2 x)e−x + 8
.

4. Solve y ′′′ − 2y ′′ − 5y ′ + 6y = 2ex + 4e3x + 7e−2x + 8e2x + 15.

Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e3x + c3 e−2x − 13 xex + 52 xe3x + 15
7
xe−2x − 2e2x + 15
6
.
′′
5. Solve y + 4y = sin3x + cos2x.
Answer: y(x) = c1 cos2x + c2 sin2x − 51 sin3x + x4 sin2x.
′′ ′
6. Solve y + 5y − 6y = sin4x · sinx.
Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e−6x + 21 sin3x−cos3x 31cos5x−25sin5x
 
30
+ 1586
.
′′
7. Solve y − y = 2x4 − 3x + 1.
Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e−x − [2x4 + 24x2 − 3x + 49].
′′′
8. Solve y − y = x5 + 3x4 −h2x3 . √ √ i
x − x2 3 3
Answer: y(x) = c1 e +e c2 cos 2 x + c3 sin 2 x −[x5 + 3x4 − 2x3 + 60x2 + 72x + 12].
′′′′
9. Solve y − y = cosx · coshx.
Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e−x + c3 cosx + c4 sinx − 51 cosx · coshx.
′′′ ′
10. Solve y − 7y − 6y = e2x (1 + x).
e2x
Answer: y(x) = c1 e−x + c2 e−2x + c3 e3x − 17
 
12
x+ 12
.
d y 3 2
2d y dy
11. Solve x3 dx3 + 3x dx2 + x dx + y = x + logx.

c1 √ h √
3
√
3
i
x
Answer: y(x) = x + x c2 cos 2 logx + c3 sin 2 logx + 2
+ logx.
2
d y dy y sin(logx)
12. 2x dx2 + 3 dx − x
=5− x2
.
c1 √ h
3cos(logx)−2sin(logx)
i
Answer: y(x) = x
+ c2 x + 52 x − 1
13 x
.

d y 2 dy
13. Solve (2x + 5)2 dx2 − 6(2x + 5) dx + 8y = 6x.
√ √
Answer: y(x) = c1 (2x + 5)2+ 2 + c2 (2x + 5)2− 2 − 34 (2x + 5) − 15
8
.
d y 2 dy
14. Solve (3x − 2)2 dx 2 − 3(3x − 2) dx = 9(3x − 2)sin(log(3x − 2)).

Answer: y(x) = c1 + c2 (3x − 2)2 − 21 (3x − 2)sin(log(3x − 2)).

′′ ′
15. Find the general solution of the equation y + 3y + 2y = 2ex using the method of variation
of parameters.
Answer: y(x) = c1 e−x + c2 e−2x + 31 ex .

3
 ′′
16. Find the general solution of the equation y + 16y = 32sec2x using the method of variation
of parameters.
Answer: y(x) = c1 cos4x + c2 sin4x + 8cos2x − 4sin4x · log(sec2x + tan2x).
′′ 1
17. Find the general solution of the equation y − y = 2(1 − e−2x )− 2 using the method of
variation of parameters.
1
Answer: y(x) = c1 ex + c2 e−x − ex · sin−1 (e−x ) − (e2x − 1) 2 e−x .

18. A voltage E = E0 e−at , where E0 and a are constants is applied at time t > 0 to an LR
circuit of inductance L and resistance R. Find the charge and current at time t > 0, given
that the circuit carries i t = 0.
h no charge Rand no current at time
E0 1 −( L )t 1 −at
Answer: q = a− R R (1 − e ) − aL (1 − e ) , which is the charge at time t > 0;
hL R i
and i = L a−E0
e−( L )t − e−at , which is the current at time t > 0.
( RL )
19. At time t > 0, an e.m.f of voltage E = E0 (1 − cost), where E0 is a constant is applied to
an LRC circuit for which L = R = C = 1. Initially, there is no charge or current in the
circuit. Find the charge
h t and
h current
√
at time√t > i 0. i
− 2 √1 3 3
Answer: q = E0 e sin t − cos t + (1 − sint) , which is the charge at time
h t h3 √ 2 √
2
√ i i
−2 3 1 1 3
t > 0; and i = E0 e cos 2 t + 2 ( 3 − 3 )sin 2 t − cost , which is the current at
√

time t > 0.

20. A body weighing 4.9 kg is hung from a spring. A pull of 10 kg weight will stretch the
spring to 5 cm. The body is pulled down 6 cm below the static equilibrium position and
then released. Find the displacement (x) of the body from its equilibrium position at time t
seconds; the maximum velocity; and the period of oscillation.
Answer: Displacement x = 0.06 cos20t; maximum velocity is 1.2 m/sec; and the period
of oscillation is 0.314 sec.