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AM Generator Circuit

The document discusses the collector modulation method, which is a linear modulator using two transistors to amplify both the carrier and modulating signals. It explains the operation of class C amplifiers and the relationship between output voltage and supply voltage, as well as the process of demodulation of AM waves using various types of detectors. Additionally, it details the square-law detector, which is used for detecting modulated signals of small magnitude, highlighting its similarities to the square law modulator.

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35 views2 pages

AM Generator Circuit

The document discusses the collector modulation method, which is a linear modulator using two transistors to amplify both the carrier and modulating signals. It explains the operation of class C amplifiers and the relationship between output voltage and supply voltage, as well as the process of demodulation of AM waves using various types of detectors. Additionally, it details the square-law detector, which is used for detecting modulated signals of small magnitude, highlighting its similarities to the square law modulator.

Uploaded by

skmltrade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

On the other hand for carrier signal, the narrow band power amplifier is required

because it is a fixed frequency signal. The collector modulation method is the example of high
level modulation.
COLLECTOR MODULATION (LINEAR LEVEL AM MODULATION)-
Collector modulator is a linear modulator.
The circuit consists of two transistors T1 and T2. The transistor T1 makes a radio frequency
class-C amplifier. At the base of the T1 carrier signal is applied.
The transistor T2 makes a class B amplifier, which is used to amplify the modulating signal
appears across the modulation transformer. For biasing purpose voltage divider circuit is
used.
A capacitor is used to isolate the modulation transformer from the high frequency carrier
signal. Here double tuned circuit is used for better performance. The resonance frequency of
tank circuit is equal to the carrier frequency.

Operation-
As we know class C amplifier gives 80% efficiency but more distortion. But here a high
frequency carrier signal is used. So, distortion is less.
A linear relationship exists between the output tank current (𝐼𝑡 ) and the variable supply
voltage 𝑉𝑐 .
During absence of modulating signal, the output voltage will be an exact replica of the input
voltage waveform.
So, if 𝑅𝐿 is the resistance of the output tank circuit at resonance, then the magnitude of the
magnitude of the output voltage is
𝑅𝐿 𝐼𝑡 ≅ 𝑉𝑐𝑐
But, if a modulating signal voltage appears across the modulating transformer, this signal will
be added to the carrier supply voltage𝑉𝑐𝑐 .
So, 𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑐𝑐 + 𝑉𝑚
Where 𝑉𝑚 = 𝑉𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑚 𝑡
𝑉𝑐𝑐 = amplitude of the carrier signal
Carrier signal represented as
𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑐 𝑡
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠
𝑉𝑜 = (𝑉𝑐𝑐 + 𝑉𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑚 𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑐 𝑡
𝑉𝑚
=> 𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑐𝑐 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑚 𝑡) 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑐 𝑡
𝑉𝐶𝐶
=> 𝑉𝑜 = 𝑉𝑐𝑐 (1 + 𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑚 𝑡)𝑐𝑜𝑠ѡ𝑐 𝑡
DEMODULATION OF AM WAVE:-
The process of extracting a modulating signal from the modulated signal is called
demodulation. The devices used for demodulation are called demodulators.
Types of detector (1) square-law detectors
(2) Envelope detectors
(3) PLL AM detector
AM signal with large carrier are detected by using the envelope detector uses the circuit
which extracts the envelope of the am wave but detected by using square-low detectors.

2.3 DEMODULATION OF AM WAVES


SQUARE-LAW DETECTORS/LINEAR DIODE DETECTOR:-
The Square-Law Detector ckt is used for detecting modulated signal of small magnitude,
so that operating region may be restricted to the non –linear portion of the v-characteristics
of the device it may be observed that the circuit is very similar to the square law modulator.
The only difference is that in square low modulator the filter used is a band pass filter where
in a square law detector, a low pass filter is used.

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