SOLUTIONS TO “APPLIED CIRCUIT ANALYSIS”

CHAPTER 16

Prob. 16.1

(a) log10104  4
(b) log10 46, 000  4.663
(c) log10108  8
(d ) log10 0.2114  0.6749

Prob. 16.2

4
(a) If 4=log 10 X  X  10
0.003
(b) If 0.003=log 10 X  X  10  1.0069
6.5
(c) If 6.5log 10 X  X  10  3,162, 277
2.3
(d) If -2.3=log 10 X  X  10  0.005022

Prob. 16.3

Pout 100mW
(a) G p  10 log10  10 log10  12.218 dB
Pin 6mW
Vout 40V
(b) G v  20 log10  20 log10  1, 000 dB
Vin 3mV
60mW 60, 000
(c ) G p  10 log10  10 log10  37.781 dB
10W 10
8V 8000
(d ) G V  20 log10  20 log10  88.52 dB
300 V 0.3

Prob. 16.4

Vout 3.8V
As a ratio, Gv    190
Vin 20mV
Vout
In dB, 20log10  20log10190  45.58 dB
Vin

Prob. 16.5

(a) 0.05  20 log10 H

 2.5  10 -3  log10 H
H  10 2.510  1.005773
-3

(b) - 6.2  20 log10 H

- 0.31  log10 H
H  10 -0.31  0.4898

(c) 104.7  20 log10 H

5.235  log10 H
H  10 5.235  1.718×105

Prob. 16.6

(a) H  0.05
H dB  20 log10 0.05  -26.02 ,   0

(b) H  125
H dB  20 log10 125  41.94 ,   0

j10
(c) H(1)   4.47263.43
2 j
H dB  20 log10 4.472  ,   63.43°

3 6
(d) H(1)    3.9  j2.7  4.743 - 34.7
1 j 2  j
H dB  20 log10 4.743  13.521 dB,   –34.7˚

Prob. 16.7

p 24
dBm  10 log  10 log 3
1mW 10
 10 log 24000
 43.8 dB
Prob. 16.8

P 10W
dBm  10 log10  10 log10  10 log10 102  20
1mW 1mW
13mW
dBm  10 log10  10 log10 13  11.14
1mW
50W
dBm  10 log10  10 log10 50, 000  46.99
1mW

Prob. 16.9

P P
dBm  10 log10  5   100.5 or P  100.5 mW  0.3162mW
1mW 1mW
P P
dBm  10 log10  6 or  100.6  P  3.981 mW
1mW 1mW
P P P
40dBm  10 log10  or 4= log10   104  P  10 W
1mW 1mW 1mW

Prob. 16.10

G  12  8  10  15  30
 12  8  25  30
 12  8  5  9 dB

Prob. 16.11

Ap1  10 log100  20dB

P1  Ap1 Pin  (100)(12 1012 )  1.2 nW
AP2  102 /10  0.63, 
 P2  (0.63)(1.2 109 )  0.76 109 W
Pout  (15)(0.76 109 )  11.4 109 nW
Ap  (dB)  Ap1  Ap2  Ap3  20  (2)  11.4
 29.4 dB

Prob. 16.12
P2
G p  10 log10
P1
10m
10 log10
60m
1
10 log10  7.782
6
Prob. 16.13
Vout
G (dB)  20 log10
Vin
 20 log10 0.2
 13.98 dB

Prob. 16.14

Ap(dB)  10 log 4  10(0.6)

 6 dB

Prob. 16.15

Vo R jRC
H ()   
Vi R  1 jC 1  jRC
j  0 1
H ()  , where  0 
1  j  0 RC

 0  
H  H ()    H ()   tan -1  
1  ( 0 ) 2 2  0 

This is a highpass filter. The frequency response is the same as that for P.P.16.6 except
that 0  1 RC . Thus, the sketche of H is shown below.

20 lo

1
0.7071

0 0 = 

Prob. 16.16

R 1 1 R
H ()    , where 0 
R  jL 1  jL R 1  j  0 L
 1 
H  H ()    H ()  - tan -1  
1  ( 0 ) 2  0 

The frequency response is identical to the response in Example 16.6 except that
0  R L . Hence the response is shown below.

1
0.7071

0  0 = R/L 


 0 = R/L
0 
-45

-90

Prob. 16.17

The Thevenin impedance across the second capacitor where Vo is taken is

R
Z Th  R  R || 1 sC  R 
1  sRC
1 sC Vi
VTh  Vi 
R  1 sC 1  sRC

Z Th

+
+ 1
V Th Vo
 sC

 1 sC Vi
Vo   VTh 
Z Th  1 sC (1  sRC)(1  sCZ Th )

Vo 1 1
H (s)   
Vi (1  sCZ Th )(1  sRC) (1  sRC)(1  sRC  sRC (1  sRC))
1
H (s)  2 2 2
s R C +3sRC+1

Prob. 16.18

1 R
R || 
jC 1  jRC

R
Vo 1  jRC R
H ()   
Vi R R  jL (1  jRC)
jL 
1  jRC

R
H ()  2
-ω RLC+R+jωL

Prob. 16.19

R  jL jC (R  jL)

H ()  
R  jL  1 jC 1  jC (R  jL)

-ω2 LC+jωRC
H () 
1-ω2 LC+jωRC

Prob. 16.20

Vo 1 jC
H ()  
Vi R  jL  1 jC

1
H () 
1+ jωRC - ω2 LC
Prob. 16.21

1 R
R || 
jC 1  jRC

Vo jL jL (1  jRC)

H ()   
Vi jL  R (1  jRC) R  jL (1  jRC)

jωL - ω2 RLC
H () 
R + jωL - ω2 RLC

Prob. 16.22
1
j 5 103
j15  1012 
Let Z1  100  15 pF // 5mH  100 
1
 j 5  103
j15 10 12

j 5 103 j 5 103
 100   100 
1  j 2 5 103  15 1012 1  j 75 2  1015
Z 2  10k 
Vo ( j ) Z2 104
H ( )   
Vi ( j ) Z1  Z 2 j 5 1012
104  100 
1  j 75 2  1015
104  j 75 2  1011

104  j 5  1012  j 75 2  1011

Prob. 16.23

1
H () 
(1  j)(1  j 10)

H dB  -20 log10 1  j  20 log10 1  j / 10

  - tan -1 ()  tan -1 ( / 10)

 The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

H dB

0.1 1 10 100 
1
20 log 10
-20 1  j / 10

1
20 log10
-40 1  j

0.1 1 10 100 
-45 1
arg
1  j / 10
-90
1
arg
1  j
-135

-180

Prob. 16.24
50 10
H ( j )  
j (5  j )  j 
j 1  
 5 
  1
0.1 10 100 
-45 1
arg
1  j / 5
-90
1
arg
-135 j

-180

Prob. 16.25

5 (1  j 10)
H () 
j (1  j 2)

H dB  20 log10 5  20 log10 1  j 10  20 log10 j  20 log10 1  j 2

  -90  tan -1  10  tan -1  2

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

H dB
40
34
20
14

0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40
 

45

0.1 1 10 100 
-45

-90

Prob. 16.26

0.1(1  j )
T ( w)  , 20 log 0.1  20
j (1  j / 10)

The plots are shown below.

|T| (db)

20

0 
0.1 1 10 100

-20

-40
 arg T

90o

0 
0.1 1 10 100

-90o

Prob. 16.27

1  j (1 10)(1  j)
G ()  
( j) (10  j) ( j) 2 (1  j 10)
2

G dB  -20  20 log10 1  j  40 log10 j  20 log10 1  j 10

  -180  tan -1  tan -1  10

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

G dB
40

20

0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40

90

0.1 1 10 100 
-90

-180
Prob. 16.28

50 1  j
H () 
25  j10  j  2 
j1     
 25  5  

H dB  20 log10 2  20 log10 1  j  20 log10 j

 20 log10 1  j2 5  ( j 5) 2

 10 25 
  -90  tan -1   tan -1  
 1   25 
2

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

H dB
40
26
20
6

0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40

90

0.1 1 10 100 
-90

-180
Prob. 16.29
40 (1  j) 2 (1  j)
H ()  
(2  j)(10  j) (1  j 2)(1  j 10)

H dB  20 log10 2  20 log10 1  j  20 log10 1  j 2  20 log10 1  j 10

  tan -1   tan -1  2  tan -1  10

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

H dB
40

20
6
0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40


90

45

0.1 1 10 100 
-45

-90
Prob. 16.30

(1 4) j
G () 
(1  j)(1  j 2) 2

G dB  -20log10 4  20 log10 j  20 log10 1  j  40 log10 1  j 2

  90-tan -1  2 tan -1  2

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

G dB
20
0.1 1 10 100

-12 
-20

-40


90

0.1 1 10 100 
-90

-180

Prob. 16.31

4 (1  j 2) 2
G () 
50 j (1  j 5)(1  j 10)

G dB  20 log10 4 50  40 log10 1  j 2  20 log10 j

 20 log10 1  j 5  20 log10 1  j 10
 where 20 log10 4 50  -21.94 dB

  -90  2 tan -1  2  tan -1  5  tan -1  10

The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

G dB
20

0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40

-60

180

90

0.1 1 10 100 
-90

Prob. 16.32

j (1  j)
T() 
100 (1  j 10)(1  j 10  2 100)

TdB  20 log10 j  20 log10 1  j  20 log10 100

 20 log10 1  j 10  20 log10 1  j 10  2 100

  10 
  90  tan -1   tan -1  10  tan -1  
1  2 100 
The magnitude and phase plots are shown below.

T dB
20

0.1 1 10 100 
-20

-40

-60


180

90

0.1 1 10 100 
-90

-180
Prob. 16.33
10
(a) H ( s ) 
s 1
The Bode plot is shown below:

H(dB)

20log 10 10

20

0 

1 10 100

-20
20log 10 1/(1+j)

s 1 1  j
(b) H ( s)  
s  10 10(1  j )
10
The Bode plot is shown below:

|H|

20

0 
1 10 100

-20

20log0.1
Prob. 16.34

Vo R 1
H ()   
Vi R  jL 1  jL R

H(0)  1 and H()  0 showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter.

1
At the corner frequency, H(c )  , i.e.
2
1 1 c L R
 
 1  or  c 
2 c L 
2 R L
1  
 R 

Hence,
R
c   2f c
L

1 R 1 10  10 3
fc      796 kHz
2 L 2 2  10 -3

Prob. 16.35
1
R ||
Vo jC
H ( )  
Vi 1
j L  R ||
jC
R jC
R  1 jC
H () 
R jC
jL 
R  1 jC
R
H () 
R  jL   2 RLC

H(0)  1 and H()  0 showing that this circuit is a lowpass filter

Prob. 16.36.

4
At dc, H(0)   2.
2
1 2
Hence, H()  H(0) 
2 2
 2 4

2 4  100c2

4  100c2  8 
  c  0.2 rad/s



4 2
H ( 2)  
2  j20 1  j10

2
H ( 2)   0.199
101

In dB, 20 log10 H(2)  -1 4 .0 2 3 d B

arg H(2)  -tan -110  -84.3°

Prob. 16.37

Vo jL
H ()  
Vi R  jL

H(0)  0 and H()  1 showing that this circuit is a highpass filter.

1 1 R
H (c )   
 1 
2  R 
2 c L
1  
 c L 
R
or c   2f c
L

1 R 1 200
fc      318.3 Hz
2 L 2 0.1

Prob. 16.38

The lowpass RL filter is shown below.

L

+ +

vs R vo
-
-
 Vo R 1
H  
Vs R  jL 1  jL / R

R
c   2 f c 
 R  2 f c L  2  5 103  40 103  1.256k 
L

Prob. 16.39

R
c   2f c
L

R  2f c L  (2)(10 5 )(40  10 -3 )  2 5 .1 3 kΩ

Prob. 16.40

1  2f 1  20  10 3
2  2f 2  22  10 3

B  2  1  2  10 3
2  1
0   21  10 3
2
0 21
Q   10.5
B 2

1 1
0  
 L 
LC 02 C
1
L  2.872 H
(21  10 ) (80  10 -12 )
3 2

R
B  R  BL
L
R  (2  10 3 )(2.872)  18.045 kΩ

Prob. 16.41
1 1 1
c  2 f c  
 R   265.3k 
RC 2 f c C 2  2 10  300 1012
3
Prob. 16.42

1 1
o    10 krad / s
LC (25  10 3 )(0.4  10  6 )
R 10
B   0.4 krad / s
L 25  10 -3

10
Q  25
0.4

9.8
1  o  B 2  10  0.2  9.8 krad / s or f1   1.56 kHz
2
10.2
2  o  B 2  10  0.2  10.2 krad / s or f2   1.62 kHz
2

Therefore,
1.56 kHz  f  1.62 kHz

Prob. 16.43

1 1
(a) 0    0.5 106 rad/s
LC (0.1)(40  10 ) -12

R 2  10 3
(b) B   2  10 4
L 0.1
0 0.5  10 6
Q   25
B 2  10 4

As a high Q circuit,
B
1  0   10 4 (50  1)  490 krad/s
2
B
2  0   10 4 (50  1)  510 krad/s
2

(c) As seen in part (b), Q  25

Prob. 16.44
 1  R (sL  1 sC)
Z(s)  R || sL   
 sC  R  sL  1 sC

R (1  s 2 LC)
Z(s) 
1  sRC  s 2 LC

Vo Z R (1  s 2 LC)
H  
Vi Z  R o R o  sRR o C  s 2 LCR o  R  s 2 LCR

R (1  s 2 LC)
Z in  R o  Z  R o 
1  sRC  s 2 LC

R o  sRR o C  s 2 LCR o  R  s 2 LCR

Z in 
1  sRC  s 2 LC

s  j
R o  jRR o C  2 LCR o  R  2 LCR
Z in 
1  2 LC  jRC

(R o  R  2 LCR o  2 LCR  jRR o C)(1  2 LC  jRC)

Z in 
(1  2 LC) 2  (RC) 2

Im(Z in )  0 implies that

- RC [R o  R  2 LCR o  2 LCR ]  RR o C (1  2 LC)  0

R o  R  2 LCR o  2 LCR  R o  2 LCR o  0

2 LCR  R

1 1
0    15.811 krad/s
LC (1  10 -3 )(4  10 -6 )

R (1  2 LC)
H
R o  jRR o C  R  2 LCR o  2 LCR

R
H max  H(0) 
Ro  R
  1 
R  2  LC 
or H max  H()  lim   
R
  R o  R RR o C
j  LC (R  R o ) R  R o
 2


1
At 1 and 2 , H  H mzx
2

R R (1  2 LC)

2 (R o  R ) R o  R   2 LC (R o  R )  jRR o C

1 (R o  R )(1  2 LC)

2 (RR o C) 2  (R o  R  2 LC(R o  R )) 2

1 10 (1  2  4  10 -9 )

2 (96  10 -6 ) 2  (10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2

10 (1  2  4  10 -9 ) 1
0 
(96  10 -6 ) 2  (10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2 2

(10  2  4  10 -8 )( 2 )  (96  10 -6 ) 2  (10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2  0

(2)(10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2  (96  10 -6 ) 2  (10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2

(96  10 -6 ) 2  (10  2  4  10 -8 ) 2  0

1.6  10 -15 4  8.092  10 -7 2  100  0

4  5.058  10 8  6.25  1016  0

 2.9109  10 8
 
2

 2.1471  10 8

Hence,
1  14.653 krad / s

2  17.061 krad / s

B  2  1  17.061  14.653  2.408 krad/s

Prob. 16.45

1 1 106
0   
LC 8 103  10 109 80
0  111.8 krad/s

This is a bandpass filter.

Prob. 16.46

V0 1
If  H ( )  0.2 
V1 1   2 R 2C 2
1
The capacitive reactance  , Let   C
C
1 1
0.2   1   2 R2   25
1   2 R2 (0.2) 2
 R  24
24

1.8  103
1 1 1.8  103
   367.4
C  24

Prob. 16.47

R  8  40  48 k
R 48 103
 3
 5.11106
2 L 2  4.7 10
1 1
 3 12
 212.77 1012
LC 4.7 10 10
 2
R  R  1
1     
2L  2 L  LC
 5.11
2
1  5.11106   221.77 1012
 5.11106  15.46 106
 10.35 106 rad/s
2
R  R  1
2     
2L  2 L  LC
 (5.11  15.46) 106
 20.57 106 rad/s
BW  1  2  10.22 106 rad/s
Prob. 16.48

1
0  2 fc 
RC
1 1
R 
2 fcC 2  500  0.45 106
1000
R  707.4
0.45

Prob. 16.49

 800  106 
Gain in dB  20 log  3 
 28.0 dB
 20 10 

Prob. 16.50

The schematic is shown below. In the AC sweep box, we select Total Points =
50, Start Frequency = 1, and End Frequency = 400. After saving and simulation,
we obtain the frequency response as shown below.
 200mV

150mV

100mV

50mV

0V
0Hz 50Hz 100Hz 150Hz 200Hz 250Hz 300Hz 350Hz 400Hz
V2(R2)
Frequency

Prob. 16.51

We let I s  10o A so that Vo / I s  Vo . The schematic is shown below. The circuit is

simulated for 1 < f < 1 kHz. Both the magnitude and phase plots are shown below.
 1.2V

0.8V

0.4V

0V
0Hz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.8KHz 1.0KHz
V(R2:2)
Frequency
-0d

-20d

-40d

-60d

-80d
0Hz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.8KHz 1.0KHz
VP(R2:2)
Frequency

Prob. 16.52

The schematic is shown below, while the response V o is shown below. It is evident
from the response, that it is a highpass filter.
 1.0V

0.5V

0V
0Hz 20Hz 40Hz 60Hz 80Hz 100Hz 120Hz
V(R3:2)
Frequency

Prob. 16.53

The schematic is shown above. Both the magnitude and phase Bode plots are shown
below.
-0

-40

-80

-120

-160
0Hz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.8KHz 1.0KHz
dB(V(R2:2))
Frequency
 -160d

-165d

-170d

-175d

-180d
0Hz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.8KHz 1.0KHz
VP(R2:2)
Frequency

Prob. 16.54

The schematic is shown above, while the magnitude of the frequency response is shown
below.
6.0V

4.0V

2.0V

0V
0Hz 0.2KHz 0.4KHz 0.6KHz 0.8KHz 1.0KHz 1.2KHz
V(L1:2)
Frequency
Prob. 16.55

The schematic is shown above, while the magnitude of the frequency response is shown
below.
8.0mV

6.0mV

4.0mV

2.0mV

0V
0Hz 50Hz 100Hz 150Hz 200Hz 250Hz 300Hz 350Hz 400Hz 450Hz
V(R3:1)
Frequency

Prob. 16.56

The circuit is shown above. After simulation, we obtain the magnitude of the response as
shown below.
Prob. 16.57

The circuit is shown above, while the magnitude plot is shown below.
Prob. 16.58

The circuit is shown above, while the magnitude plot is shown below.

Prob. 16.59

1
c 
RC

We make R and C as small as possible. To achieve this, we connect 1.8 k  and 3.3 k 
in parallel so that

1.8  3.3
R  1.164 k
1.8  3.3

We place the 10-pF and 30-pF capacitors in series so that

C = (10x30)/40 = 7.5 pF

Hence,
 1 1
c   12
 114.55 106 rad/s
RC 1.164 10  7.5 10
3

Prob. 16.60

Ri L
V1 Vo

+
+
Vi C1 C2 RL Vo



Z2 Z1
1 RL
Z1  R L || 
sC 2 1  sR 2 C 2
1 1  sL  R L  s 2 R L C 2 L 
Z2  || (sL  Z1 )  ||  
sC1 sC1  1  sR L C 2 

1 sL  R L  s 2 R L C 2 L

sC1 1  sR L C 2
Z2 
1 sL  R L  s 2 R L C 2 L

sC1 1  sR L C 2

sL  R L  s 2 R L LC 2
Z2 
1  sR L C 2  s 2 LC1  sR L C1  s 3 R L LC1C 2

Z2
V1  V
Z2  R i i

Z1 Z2 Z1
Vo  V1   V
Z1  sL Z 2  R 2 Z1  sL i

Vo Z2 Z1
 
Vi Z 2  R 2 Z1  sL
where
 Z2

Z2  R 2
sL  R L  s 2 R L LC 2
sL  R L  s 2 R L LC 2  R i  sR i R L C 2  s 2 R i LC1  sR i R L C1  s 3 R i R L LC1C 2

Z1 RL
and 
Z1  sL R L  sL  s 2 R L LC 2

Therefore,
Vo

Vi
R L (sL  R L  s 2 R L LC 2 )
(sL  R L  s 2 R L LC 2  R i  sR i R L C 2  s 2 R i LC 1  sR i R L C 1
 s 3 R i R L LC 1 C 2 )( R L  sL  s 2 R L LC 2 )

where s  j .

Prob. 16.61

Ri C1 C2
V1

Vi + Vo
- L RL

 1  sL (R L  1 sC 2 )
Z  sL ||  R L   , s  j
 sC 2  R L  sL  1 sC 2

Z
V1  V
Z  R i  1 sC1 i
 RL RL Z
Vo  V1   V
R L  1 sC 2 R L  1 sC 2 Z  R i  1 sC1 i

Vo RL sL (R L  1 sC 2 )
H ()   
Vi R L  1 sC 2 sL (R L  1 sC 2 )  (R i  1 sC1 )(R L  sL  1 sC 2 )

s 3 LR L C 1C 2
H () 
(sR i C 1  1)(s 2 LC 2  sR L C 2  1)  s 2 LC 1 (sR L C 2  1)

where s  j .

Prob. 16.62

1
c  2f c 
RC
1 1
R   15.91 Ω
2f c C (2)(20  10 3 )(0.5  10 -6 )

Prob. 16.63

1
c  2f c 
RC
1 1
R   1.061 kΩ
2f c C (2)(15)(10  10 -6 )

Prob. 16.64

(a) When R s  0 and R L   , we have a low-pass filter.

1
c  2f c 
RC
1 1
fc    994.7 Hz
2RC (2)(4  10 3 )(40  10 -9 )

(b) We obtain R Th across the capacitor.

R Th  R L || (R  R s )
R Th  5 || (4  1)  2.5 k
 1 1
fc  
2R Th C (2)(2.5  10 3 )(40  10 -9 )

f c  1.59 kHz

Prob. 16.65

The schematic is shown above, while the magnitude plot of V o is shown below.
400mV

300mV

200mV

100mV

0V
0Hz 10KHz 20KHz 30KHz 40KHz 50KHz
V(C2:2)
Frequency

Prob. 16.66

 2000W 
dB  10 log    33dB
 1W 