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Installation Notes 2

The document outlines essential components for main switchgear in electrical installations, including isolation means, excess current protection, and earth fault protection. It details consumer installations, control units, wiring methods, and switching techniques, emphasizing electrical separation and proper connections. Additionally, it defines various accessories and equipment used in electrical installations, such as distribution boards and protective devices.

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25 views4 pages

Installation Notes 2

The document outlines essential components for main switchgear in electrical installations, including isolation means, excess current protection, and earth fault protection. It details consumer installations, control units, wiring methods, and switching techniques, emphasizing electrical separation and proper connections. Additionally, it defines various accessories and equipment used in electrical installations, such as distribution boards and protective devices.

Uploaded by

kingoricharles3082
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

In an electrical installation, the main switchgear must include:

i. Isolation Means: A mechanism to isolate the power supply.


ii. Excess Current Protection: Protection against excess current using fuses or circuit breakers.
iii. Earth Fault Protection: Measures to cut off the current in the event of a serious earth fault.

Consumer's Installation Overview:


Domestic installations typically use a 16mm² twin-armored cable.
The supply control layout includes the Supply Authority's sealing chamber, fuse and neutral block,
energy meter, and the consumer's control unit.

Consumer's Control Unit:


Components include a 60A main switch for isolating phase and neutral conductors.
Individual fuses for the cooker unit (30A), 13A ring circuit (30A), and lighting circuits (5A).

Electrical Separation:
Final sub-circuits must be electrically separate, with no bunching of neutral conductors.
Neutral conductors must be connected at the distribution board in the same order as the line conductors.

Wiring Diagrams:
Illustrate connections from the supply cable to the consumer unit, accessories, and appliances.
Loop-In Method (Lighting Circuits):

Universally used for wiring lamps and appliances in parallel.


Feeder conductor is looped to each point, creating series loops around the circuit.
Advantages: No joint boxes needed, accessible fault location.
Disadvantages: Increased wire length, higher voltage drop, and copper losses.

Ceiling Roses:
Two main types: three-plate pattern (economizes wire) and two-plate pattern.

Not recommended for circuits above 250V; only one flexible cord permitted.
Earthing terminal must connect to the final sub-circuit's earth continuity conductor.

Switching Methods:
One-way switching: One switch controls multiple light, conductors looped between lamps.

Two-way switching: Used for stairs and corridors.

Two-way and Intermediate switching: Enables control from multiple locations.


Dim-Bright Switching: Lamps connected in series for dim, in parallel for bright.

Use of Joint Boxes:

Wiring involves connections through joints in joint boxes.


Suitable for temporary installations, cost-effective.

Accessories and Equipment Definitions:


Accessory: Device associated with an electrical installation.
Switch Plug: Combination of a switch and a plug attached to a flexible cord.
Socket Outlet: Fixed socket on a wall connected to an electricity supply.
Distribution Board: Assembly for housing isolation switches and protective devices.
Protective Device: Disconnects electricity in case of a fault, includes fuses, circuit breakers, ELCBs, and
RCDs.
Joint Box: Enclosure protecting connections of two or more wires carrying electrical current

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