JHARKHAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

RANCHI

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 COURSE STRUCTURE
SEMESTER – I

Subject
S. No Category Subject L T P Credits
Code

1. Core-I Advanced Soil Mechanics 3 1 0 4

2. Core-II Advanced Foundation Engineering 3 0 0 3

1. Ground Improvement Techniques
2. Pavement Analysis and Design
Professional 3. Shear strength of soil
3. Elective I 4. Earth quake engineering 3 0 0 3
5. Soft Computing tools in Civil Engineering

1. Numerical methods in civil engineering

2. Geo-Environmental Engineering
Professional
3. Critical Soil Mechanics
Elective II
4. 4. Limit state design of structure 3 0 0 3
5. Offshore Geotechnical Engineering

1. Soil Structure Interaction

2. Stability analysis of slopes
3. Geo-technics in Practice
5. Open Elective-I 3 0 0 3
4. Foundation on weak soils

Artificial Intelligence: Search Methods for Problems

6. Audit Course-I
Solving
3 0 0 -

Lab-I Advanced Soil Mechanics Lab 0 0 4 2

7.

8. Lab-II Advanced Foundation Engineering Lab 0 0 4 2

TOTAL CREDITS 20
 SEMESTER – II

Subject
S.No Category Subject L T P Credits
Code

1. Core-III Dynamics of soils and foundations 3 1 0 4

2. Core-IV Unsaturated Soil Mechanics 3 0 0 3

1. FEM in civil engineering
2. Engineering rock mechanics
Professional 3. Flow through porous media
3. Elective-III 4. Soil Properties and Behavior 3 0 0 3
5. Subsurface Investigation and
Instrumentation

1. Earth Retaining Structures

2. Design of underground excavations
3. Physical and Constitutive Modelling on
Professional Geo-mechanics
4. Elective-IV
3 0 0 3
4. Geo-synthetics Engineering
5. Cost Management & Engineering
Projects

1. Marine Geo-technics
2. Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
5. Open Elective-II 3. Composite Materials 3 0 0 3
4. Waste to Energy

6. Audit Course-II Basic of Financial Management 3 0 0 -

7. Lab III Soil Dynamics Lab 0 0 4 2

8. Lab IV Geotechnical Modelling Lab 0 0 4 2

9. Mini Project Mini Project 0 0 4 2

Total Credits 22
 SEMESTER – III

Subject
Sl. No. Category
Code Subject L T P Credit

1. Core-V Research Methodology & IPR 3 0 0 3

i. Clay Mineralogy
ii. Case Histories in
Geotechnical Engineering
2. Open Elective-III 3 0 0 3
iii. Machine Foundations
iv. Design of Foundation
Systems

3. Research Internship Research Internship 8 weeks (Min.) 2

Dissertation-I & Research 10

4. Dissertation-I & Research Paper -
Paper

Total Credit 18

Semester-IV

Subject
Sl. No. Credit
Category Code Subject L T P
Major Project &
1. Major Project & Dissertation-II - 20
Dissertation-II

Total Credit 20

Note:- 1.Student will complete Research Internship of minimum 8 weeks during summer vacation just after
completion of 2nd Semester in reputed Industries or CSIR Labs or Institution of National Repute /
Importance or Research level laboratories of Central / State Government in the relevant area. The HoD of
the concerned department will make correspondence in this regard from their own level.

2. Papers of Open Elective /Professional Elective may be selected & completed through
NPTEL/SWAYAM Portal on the recommendation of Departmental Academic Council (DAC)
headed by Head of the Department and credit(s) will get transferred to the University.
 1st SEMESTER (Syllabus)
Department of Civil Engineering

Core - I: Advanced Soil Mechanics

3-1-0 Credit: 4

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Introduction to advancement in soil mechanics, stress equilibrium in one- 14
dimension, two-dimension and three- dimension. Elastic and plastic
deformations: elastic wall; introduction to yielding and hardening; yield
curve and yield surface.
2 Compressibility of soils: consolidation theory (one and two dimensional 12
consolidation theories), consolidation in layered soil and consolidation
for time dependent loading, determination of coefficient of consolidation
(Casagrande method and Taylors method)
3 Strength behavior of soils; Mohr Circle of Stress; UU, CU, CD tests, 5
drained and undrained behavior of sand and clay, significance of pore
pressure parameters; determination of shear strength of soil;
Interpretation of triaxial test results.
4 Stress path Drained and undrained stress path; Stress path with respect to 5
different initial state of the soil; Stress path for different practical
situations.
5 Critical state soil mechanics; Critical state parameters; Critical state for 6
normally consolidated and over consolidated soil; Significance of
Hvorslev state boundary surface; drained and undrained plane. critical
void ratio; effect of dilation in sands.
Total 42

Suggested Books
1. B.M. Das, Advanced Soil Mechanics, Taylor and Francis, 2018
2. Purushotham Raj, Ground Improvement Techniques, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi,
1996.
 Core - II: Advanced Foundation Engineering
3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Planning of soil exploration for different projects, methods of 8
subsurface exploration, methods of borings along with various
penetration tests
2 Shallow foundations, requirements for satisfactory performance of 12
foundations, methods
of estimating bearing capacity, settlements of footings and rafts,
proportioning of foundations using field test data, IS codes.
3 Pile foundations, methods of estimating load transfer of piles, 5
settlements of pile foundations, pile group capacity and settlement,
negative skin friction of piles, laterally loaded piles, pile load tests,
analytical estimation of load- settlement behavior of piles, proportioning
of pile foundations, lateral and uplift capacity of piles.
4 Well foundation, IS and IRC codal provisions, elastic theory and 5
ultimate resistance methods
5 Foundations on problematic soils: Foundations for collapsible and 12
expansive soil. Coffer dams- various types, analysis and design.
Total 42

Suggested Books
1. Bowles. J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, Tata McGraw-Hill International Edition,
5th Edn, 1997.
2. Purushotham Raj, Ground Improvement Techniques, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi,
1996.
3. Das B.M., Shallow Foundations: Bearing capacity and settlement, CRC Press, 1999
4. Tomlinson M.J., Pile design and construction Practice, Chapman and Hall Publication,
1994.
5. Poulos, H. G. and Davis, F. H., “Pile Foundation Analysis and Design”, Wiley and Sons.
1980
 Professional Elective - I: Ground Improvement Techniques
3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Introduction - Engineering properties of soft–weak and compressible 5
deposits – problems associated with weak deposit
2 Requirements of ground improvements – introduction to engineering 8
ground modification, need, objectives and outcomes. Soil Stabilization -
Science of soil stabilization – Mechanical modification – Hydraulic
modification – Dewatering systems – Chemical modification –
Modification by admixtures like lime, Cement, Bitumen etc – Grouting
– Deep jet mixing methods.
3 Recent Ground improvement techniques - stabilization using industrial 12
waste – modification by inclusion and confinement – soil nailing – stone
column –compaction piles – dynamic compaction – prefabricated vertical
drains – preloading – electro-osmosis – soil freezing vacuum
consolidation – deep explosion – dry powdered polymers – enzymes. Soil
reinforcement - Historical background, RCC – Vidalean concept of
reinforced earth – Mechanisms – Types of reinforcements
4 Soil– Reinforcement – Interaction studies – Internal and External stability 5
criteria – Design Principles of steep reinforced soil slopes – pavements –
Embankments on soft soils. Geo-Synthetics - Geo-synthetic clay liner –
Construction details
5 Geo Synthetic Materials – Functions – Property characterization – 6
Testing Methods for Geo-Synthetics – Recent research and
Developments - Control of Improvement – Field Instrumentation –
design and analysis for bearing capacity and settlement of improved
deposits.
Total 36

Suggested Books
1. Hausmann, M. R., Engineering Principles of Ground Modification, McGraw – Hill
International Editions, 1990.Poulos, H.G., and Davis, E.H., Pile Foundation Analysis and
Design, John Wiley,1980.
2. Purushotham Raj, Ground Improvement Techniques, Laxmi Publications, New Delhi,
1996.
3. Klaus Krisch, Alan Bell, Ground Improvement (3rd Edition), CRC Press, London, 2012.
4. Jones C. J. F. P, Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures, Butterworths, London, 1988.
5. Moseley M. P., Ground Improvement, Blockie Academic and Professional, Chapman and
Hall, Glassgow, 1993
 Professional Elective - I: Analysis and Design
3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Philosophy of design of flexible and rigid pavements. Analysis of 11
pavements using different analytical methods
2 Selection of pavement design input parameters – traffic loading and 8
Volume
3 Material characterization, drainage, failure criteria, reliability 6
4 Design of flexible and rigid pavements using different methods, 5
5 Comparison of different pavement design approaches, design of overlays 6
and drainage system.
Total 36

Suggested Books
1. Hausmann, M. R., Engineering Principles of Ground Modification, McGraw – Hill
International Editions, 1990.Poulos, H.G., and Davis, E.H., Pile Foundation Analysis and
Design, John Wiley,1980.
2. Jones C. J. F. P, Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structures, Butterworths, London, 1988.
3. Scott, R.F., Foundation Analysis, Prentice Hall, 1981
4. B.M. Das, Advanced Soil Mechanics, Taylor and Francis, 2018

Professional Elective - I: Shear Strength of Soil

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Concept of stress and strain in octahedral plane. Theories of failure 5
criteria in soils, Bishops modification Mohr’s theory in three dimensions.
Shear strength of cohesionless soils, critical void ratio, and volume
change. Stress dilatancy, factors affecting; failure criteria by maximum
stress ratio and maximum deviator stress.
2 Shear Strength of saturated cohesive soils, Principles of undrained shear 8
strength, effective stress principles. pore pressure parameters,
Skempton's and Henkel's equation, normally and over-consolidated
clays, factors affecting strength.
3 Total and effective stress parameters. Hvorslev’s parameters, concept of 6
stress path, Henkel's and Roscoe's concepts of yield surface principles of
critical state soil mechanics.
Shear tests, unconfined, direct shear, vane shear, Ring shear and drained
tests, compressor and extensive tests, Back pressure techniques of
saturation. Pore pressure measurements and constant volume tests.
4 Residual strength of soils. Factor affecting residual factor, methods of 11
measurement. Rheological models and time dependent behavior of
clays.Constitutive relationship in sand and clays, factors affecting
Kondner's
stress-strain relationship and determination of coefficient and flow rule.
5 Shear strength of partially saturated soils, principle of effective stress and 6
its limitations, factors affecting determination of CHI factor. Shear
strength of compacted soils- multi stage. Influence of anisotropy on
strength of clays.
Total 36

Suggested Books

1. B.M. Das, Advanced Soil Mechanics, Taylor and Francis, 2018

2. Ramond Nen Yong, Laboratory Shear Strength of Soils, ASTM International

Professional Elective - I: Earthquake Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Earthquake seismology – Causes of earthquake, Plate tectonics, 7
Earthquake fault sources,Seismic waves, Elastic rebound theory,
Quantification of earthquake, Intensity and magnitudes, Earthquake
source models.
2 Earthquake ground motion – Seismograph, Characteristics of ground 7
motion, Effect of local site conditions on ground motions, Design
earthquake, Design spectra, Development of site specification and
code-based design.
3 Ground response analysis – One-dimensional ground response 7
analysis: Linear approaches, Equivalent linear approximation of non-
linear approaches, Computer code “SHAKE”.
4 Liquefaction and lateral spreading - Liquefaction related 7
phenomena, Liquefaction susceptibility: Historical, Geological,
Compositional and State criteria. Evaluation of liquefaction by cyclic
stress and cyclic strain approaches, Lateral deformation and spreading,
Criteria for mapping liquefaction hazard zones.
5 Seismic design of foundations, Seismic slope stability analysis: Internal 8
stability and weakening instability and Seismic design of retaining walls
Total 36

Suggested Books

1. Steven Kramer, “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Pearson,2008.

2. Seco e Pinto, P., Seismic behaviour of ground and Geotechnical structure, A. A.
3. Ferrito, J.M, Seismic design criteria for soil liquefaction, Tech. Report of NavalFacilities
service centre, Port Hueneme, 1997.

Professional Elective - I: Soft Computing tools in Civil Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Syllabus Content:
Introduction to Soft Computing: Basic concepts, various Soft Computing Techniques, Overview
of conventional computing vs. soft computing,
Characteristics and advantages of soft computing techniques Genetic Algorithms (GA):
Introduction to genetic algorithms, Representation schemes: binary, real-valued, permutation,
Genetic operators: selection, crossover, mutation.

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): Introduction to particle swarm optimization, Swarm

intelligence principles, PSO algorithm components: particles, velocity update, position update,
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO): Basics of ant colony optimization, Ant behavior modeling, ACO
algorithm: pheromone trails, ant movement, Pigeon search algorithm.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): Fundamentals of neural networks, Single-layer and multi-
layer perceptions, Training algorithms: back-propagation, gradient descent, Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNN),
Fuzzy Logic Systems: Basics of fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy logic operations and rules, Fuzzy
inference systems
Introduction to Machine Learning, Basic Concepts, Supervised learning, unsupervised learning,
reinforcement learning, Python libraries Supervised Learning Techniques: Decision trees and
ensemble methods (Random Forests), Support Vector Machines (SVM), ,
Basic concepts and principles, k-nearest neighbor (kNN) Unsupervised Learning Techniques:
Clustering, K-means clustering, Hierarchical clustering, Dimensionality Reduction, Principal
Component Analysis (PCA)
Application of soft computing in Civil Engineering Application of different algorithms to solve
practical problems of Civil Engineering.
Textbooks / Reference Books:
1. Pratihar D.K., Soft Computing, Narosa Publishers, and ISBN: 978-81-8487-495-2, 2018.
 2. Mangey Ram, J. Paulo Davim, Soft Computing Techniques and Applications in Mechanical
Engineering, IGI Global, USA.
3. Simeone O. Machine learning for engineers. Cambridge University Press; 2022. 4. E. Alpaydin,
Introduction to Machine Learning, Prentice Hall of India, 2006.

Professional Elective - II: Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Syllabus Contents:
Fundamentals of Numerical Methods: Error Analysis, Polynomial Approximations and
Interpolations, and extrapolation.
Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Bisection, False Position,
Newton-Raphson, Successive approximation method, Iterative methods
Elements of Matrix Algebra: Solution of Systems of Linear Equations, Eigen Value Problems,
Jacobi’s method, Gauss-seidal method, successive over relaxation method.
Numerical Differentiation & Integration: Solution of Ordinary and Partial Differential
Equations.
Finite Difference scheme: Implicit & Explicit scheme, Two point boundary value problem.
Correlation and Regression Analysis: Correlation- Scatter diagram, Karl Pearson coefficient
of correlation, Limits of correlation coefficient; Regression –Lines of regression, Regression curves,
Regression coefficient, Differences between correlation and regression analysis.
Reference Books:
An Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Atkinson K.E., J. Wiley and Sons,1989.
1. Theory and Problems of Numerical Analysis, Scheid F, McGraw Hill Book Company, (Shaum
Series), 1988.
2. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis, Sastry S.S, Prentice HallofIndia,1998.

Professional Elective - II: Geo-Environmental Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Soil as a multiphase system; Soil-environment interaction; Properties of 5
water in relation to the porous media; Water cycle with special reference
to soil medium.
2 Soil mineralogy; significance of mineralogy in determining soil 14
behavior; Mineralogical characterization. Mechanisms of soil-water
interaction: Diffuse double layer models; Force of attraction and
repulsion; Soil-water-contaminant interaction; Theories of ion
exchange; Influence of organic and inorganic chemical interaction.
3 Concepts of waste containment; Sources, production and classification 6
of wastes, Environmental laws and regulations, physio-chemical
properties of soil, ground water flow and contaminant transport, desirable
properties of soil; contaminant transport and retention; contaminated site
remediation.
4 Soil characterization techniques; volumetric water content; 5
contaminant analysis. contaminated site characterization, estimation of
landfill quantities, landfill site location, design of various landfill
components such as liners, covers, leachate collection and removal
5 Soil characterization techniques : ground water monitoring, end uses of 6
landfill sites, slurry walls and barrier systems, design and construction,
stability, compatibility and performance, remediation technologies,
stabilization of contaminated soils and risk assessment approaches.
Total 36

Suggested Books
1. Mitchell, J.K and Soga, K., Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, John Wiley and Sons Inc.,
2005
2. Fang, H-Y., Introduction to Environmental Geotechnology, CRC Press,1997
3. Rowe, R.K., Quigley, R.M. and Booker, J.R., Clay Barrier Systems for Waste Disposal
Facilities, E & FN Spon, 1995.
4. Sharma, H.D. and Lewis, S.P, Waste Containment Systems, Waste Stabilization and
Landfills: Design and Evaluation, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1994.
5. Reddi, L.N. and Inyang, H.F, Geoenvironmental Engineering - Principles and
Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc, 2000.

Professional Elective - II: Critical Soil Mechanics

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Soil Behavior: State of stress and strain in soils, Stress and strain paths 5
and invariants, behavior of soils under different laboratory experiments
2 The Critical state line: Families of undrained tests, Families of drained 8
tests, the critical state line, drained and undrained surfaces
3 Behavior of Over consolidated samples: The Hvorslev surface: 6
Behavior of over consolidated samples, drained and undrained tests, The
Hvorslev surface, complete State Boundary Surface, Volume changes and
pore water pressure changes
4 Behaviour of Sands: The critical state line for sands, Normalized plots, 5
the effect of dilation.
5 Behaviour of Soils before Failure: Elastic and plastic deformations, 12
Plasticity theory Development of elastic-plastic model based on critical
state soil mechanics, The Cam-clay model, The modified Cam-clay
model
Total 36

Suggested Books
1. M J. H. Atkinson and P. L. Bransby, “The mechanics of soils: An introduction to critical
state soil mechanics”, McGraw Hill, 1978
2. D. M. Wood, “Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics”, Cambridge University
Press, 1990
3. B. M. Das, “Fundamental of geotechnical engineering”, Cengage Learning, 2013

Professional Elective - II: Limit State Design of Structures

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Introduction: Stress-Strain relationship; Fully Plastic moment and Plastic hinge, Simple cases
of Plastic collapse: Simply supported and Fixed beams, Portal frames
Basic theorems: Principle of virtual work; Partial, Complete and Over-complete collapses.
Upper bound, lower bound and uniqueness theorems
Design: Trial and Error method, combined mechanisms, plastic moment distribution
Deflection: Moment-curvature relations, simple beams and portal frames. Deflection at collapse
Minimum weight design: characteristic strength, partial factor of safety
Shear and Torsion, simply reinforced, doubly reinforced and Tee beams
Serviceability requirements: Deflection – long and short term deflections
Compression members: Axially loaded, short columns, slender columns, combined bending
and axial forces, biaxial bending, and use of SP-16
Design of slabs in flexure failure: Yield line theory, work method, equilibrium method, strip
method

References:
1. NEAL B. G.: Plastic method of Structural Analysis
2. PUNMIA B. C.: Limit State Design
 Professional Elective - II: Offshore Geotechnical Engineering
3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Identify and describe key challenges of offshore engineering design – 5
describe the aspects of the marine environment that feed into offshore
engineering design.
2 Describe the main components of an offshore site investigation; Interpret 8
selected geotechnical site investigation data
3 Identify the main types of offshore foundation systems and describe the 6
drivers during foundation design
4 Perform selected foundation design calculations to illustrate the 5
interplaying mechanisms.
5 Identify key aspects of geotechnical pipeline design and performselected 12
design calculations to illustrate the interplaying mechanisms.
Determine the loads acting on the offshore structures
Total 36
Suggested Books

1. M Randolph M and Gourvene S, Offshore Geotechnical Engineering, CRC Press,2017.

2. Ben C. Gerwick, “Construction of Marine and Offshore Structures”, CRC Press, 1999.
3. B. Gou, S. Song, J. Chacko and A. Ghalambor, “Offshore Pipelines”, GPP Publishers,
2006.
4. S. K. Hakrabarti, “Handook of Offshore Engineering”, Elsevier, 2005.
5. M. J. Tomlinson, “Pile Design and Construction”, E and F Spon, 1994

Open Elective - I: Soil Structure Interaction

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Syllabus Contents:
Critical Study of Conventional Methods of Shallow Foundation Design, Nature and
Complexities of Soil Structure Interaction, Effect of contact pressure on soil structure
interaction for shallow foundation
Application of Advanced Techniques of Analysis such as FEM and Finite Difference
Method.Relaxation and Interaction for the Evaluation of Soil Structure Interaction for Different
Types of Structure under various Conditions of Loading and Subsoil Characteristics &
Subgrade Modulus
Preparation of Comprehensive Design Oriented Computer Programs for Specific Problems,
 Interaction Problems based on Theory of Sub Grade Reaction Such as Beams, Footings, Rafts
Etc.
Analysis of Different Types of Frame Structures Founded on Stratified Natural Deposits with
Linear and Non-Linear Stress-Strain Characteristics.
Determination of Pile Capacities and Negative Skin Friction, no. of spacing & efficiency of
pile group, Action of Group of Piles ConsideringStress-Strain Characteristics of Real Soils,
Anchor Piles and Determination of Pullout Resistance, pile group subjected to eccentric vertical
loading
Reference Books:
1. Analytical and Computer Methods in Foundation, Bowels J.E., McGraw Hill Book Co.,
NewYork,1974.
2. Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Desai C.S. and Christian J.T., McGraw
Hill Book Co.,NewYork.
3. Soil Structure Interaction-The real behavior of structures, Institution of Structural Engineers.

4. Elastic Analysis of Soil Foundation Interaction, Developments in Geotechnical Engg.Vol-17,

Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.

5. Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interaction, Selvadurai A.P.S., Elsevier Scientific

Publishing Company.
6. Analysis & Design of substructures, Swami Saran, Oxford& IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
7. Design of Foundation System-Principles & Practices, Kurian N.P., Narosa Publishing

Open Elective - I: Stability Analysis of Slopes

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Slopes: Types and causes of slope failures, mechanics of slope failure, 5
failure modes.
2 Stability analysis: infinite and finite slopes with or without water 8
pressures; concept of factor of safety, pore pressure coefficients, Wedge
methods, friction circle method ; Method of slices, Bishop’s method,
Janbu’s method, Morgenstern and Price, Spencer’s method
3 Stability analysis in the presence of seepage: two dimensional flow – 11
Laplace equation and it’s solution, graphical method, determination of
phreatic line, flow nets in homogeneous and zoned earth dams under
steady seepage and draw-down conditions, seepage control in earth dams,
4 Strengthening measures (a): Stabilization of slopes by drainage 6
methods, surface and subsurface drainage, use of synthetic filters,
retaining walls,
5 Strengthening measures (b): Stabilization and strengthening of slopes, 6
shotcreting, rock bolting and rock anchoring, slope movements, warning
devices, maintenance of slopes
Total 36

Suggested Books
1. Chowdhary R and Chowdhary , ”Geotechnical Slope Analysis”, CRC Press.
2. Harr M.E.,” Ground Water and Seepage”, McGraw Hill. 1962

Open Elective - I: Geo-technics in practice

3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Course Content Geotechnical Interpretation Report (GIR) – deriving 8
design parameters for a particular site – data analysis. Back analysis of
field data - soft ground – application of ground improvement techniques
2 Considerations - short term effects such as slope stability - long term 8
effects such as settlement and creep – Liquefaction potential. Stepwise
analysis of underground structures
3 Damage assessment of structures due to tunnelling - Empirical methods. 8
4 IS and IRC Codal recommendations – application of design procedures. 8
Estimation of fee for design projects – work breakdown structure –
Budgets – Gross and Net margins – Work-in-progress
5 Elevated structures – foundation design – Shallow, Pile and Pile-raft – 4
Geological considerations
Total 36
Suggested Books
1. All relevant IS and IRC codes.
2. 2. ISO 9001:2015.
3. 3. All relevant ASTM and Euro codes
 Open Elective - I: Foundation on Weak Rocks
3-0-0 Credit: 3

S. No. Contents Contact

hours
1 Engineering properties of weak rocks, different rock mass classification 5
systems, relative merits and demerits
2 Failure criteria for weak rocks, bi-linear Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, 3
Hoek and Brown criterion and modified Hoek and Brown failure
criterion etc.
3 Effect of structural planes on rock foundations, possible modes of failure 5
of foundations on rocks/ rock masses, determination of in-situ shear
strength of rocks and rock masses
4 Requirements for satisfactory performance of foundations, bearing 11
capacity of foundations on rocks and rock masses, allowable bearing
pressure of rock foundations using a nonlinear failure criterion, monotonic
and cyclic plate load tests. - Piles in weak rocks, bearing capacity and
settlement of piles, piles in stratified rock masses, field load tests on
piles in weak rocks, behavior of bored / driven piles in soft / weathered
rocks
5 Pressure-settlement characteristics, effect of layering, anisotropy, 12
heterogeneity and in- elasticityShallow foundations, shallow foundations
on sloping ground, raft foundations, stilt foundations, foundations for
suspension bridges, transmission line towers, framed buildings etc,
treatment of foundations - open joints, solution cavities, weak seams
Total 36

Suggested Books

1. Wyllie Duncan C.,” Foundations on Rock: Engineering Practice”, E&FN Spon, Taylor
and Francis.
2. Hudson J.A. and J.P. Harrison. Engineering Rock Mechanics: an Introduction to the
Principles, 1997. Elsevier, Oxford
3. Singh, B. and Goel, R.K.,”Rock Mass Classification- A Practical Engineering Approach”,
Elsevier
4. Ramamurthy, T., “Engineering in Rocks”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
5. Hoek, E., “Practical Rock Engineering”, Rock science.
 Lab-I: Advanced Soil Mechanics Lab

0-0-4 Credit: 2

S. No. Contents
1 Determination of Field Density of soil
2 Consistency limit test
3 Standard Proctor Test
4 Determination of Coefficient of Permeability of soil
5 Unconfined compression tests on soils
6 Direct Shear Test
7 Consolidation Test
8 Determination of CBR value of soil

Suggested Books
1. B.M. Das, Principle of Soil Dynamics, Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc; 2nd ed. edition (1 January 2010)
2. Muni Budhu, Soil Mechanics and Foundation, Elsevier, 3 rd Edition.
 Lab-II: Advanced Foundation Engineering Lab

0-0-4 Credit: 2

S. No. Contents
1 Design of a shallow strip footing considering inclined loading
2 Design and analysis of bearing capacity of foundation on layered soil
3 Design of a shallow strip foundation placed near a slope
4 Design of foundation over an expansive soil
5 Structural Design of Mat Foundations
6 Design of a Well Foundation
7 Design and Analysis of Raft Foundation
8 Design of Cofferdams

Suggested Books
1. Bowles. JE, Foundation Analysis and Design, TMH international edition, 5 th Edn., 1997
2. BM Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, Seventh Edition, Cengage Learning
3. Robert W. Day, Foundation Engineering handbook, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition
 2nd SEMESTER (Syllabus)
Department of Civil Engineering

Core – III: Dynamics of Soils & Foundations

3-1-0 Credit: 4

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
1. Fundamentals of vibrations: single, two and multiple degree of freedom 4
systems, vibration isolation, vibration absorbers.
Wave propagation: elastic continuum medium, semi-infinite elastic
2. continuum medium, soil behavior under dynamic loading.Liquefaction of 16
soils: liquefaction mechanism, factors affecting liquefaction, studies
byDynamic tri-axial testing, oscillatory shear box, shake table, assessment
of liquefaction potential.
Dynamic elastic constants of soil: determination of dynamic elastic
3. constants, various methods including block resonance tests, cyclic plate 10
load tests, wave propagation tests, oscillatory shear box test.
4. Machine foundations: Design criteria for machine foundations; Elastic
homogeneous half space and lumped parameter solutions, analysis and 8
design of foundations for reciprocating and impact type machines, turbines,
effect of machine foundation on adjoining structures.
5. Bearing capacity of foundations: Introduction to bearing capacity of 6
dynamically
loaded foundations, such as those of water towers, chimneys and high rise
buildings, response of pile foundations.

References:
1. Das, B.M., “Fundamentals of Soil Dynamics”, Elsevier,1983.
2. Steven Kramer, “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Pearson,2008.
3. Prakash, S., Soil Dynamics, McGraw Hill, 1981.
4. Kameswara Rao, N.S.V., Vibration analysis and foundation dynamics, Wheeler
Publication Ltd., 1998.
5. Prakash, S. and Puri, V.K., Foundation for machines: Analysis and Design, John Wiley
& Sons, 1998
 Core – IV: Unsaturated Soil Mechanics
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Course Content:
Module 1: Nature and genesis of unsaturated soils: Introduction to phase properties and relations,
Fundamental principles of Unsaturated Soils. air-water-solid interface, in-situ stress state
component profiles, suction and potential of soil-water system, transient suction and moisture
profiles, compaction;
Module 2: Soil suction: Suction component, principle and measurement of total suction, matric
suction, osmotic suction, capillarity;
Module 3: State of stress and shear strength: Stress state variables, material variables, effective
stress concepts for unsaturated soils, representation of net normal stress, matric suction and
suction stress tensor, stress control by axis translation. Shear strength of unsaturated soil,
extended Mohr-Coulomb criterion, shear strength and pore pressure parameters, measurements of
shear strength parameters, earth pressure theories & earth pressure profile

Module 4: Flow of water in unsaturated soils: Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), hysteresis
in SWCC, permeability and hydraulic conductivity function, direct and indirect measurements of
SWCC and hydr aulic conductivity function. One-dimensional consolidation and swelling for
unsaturated soils;
Module 5: Applications: Applications of unsaturated material properties in geotechnical and geo-
environmental structures.
Suggested Books

1. Jean-Louis Briaud, Geotechnical Engineering: Unsaturated and Saturated Soils, John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Jersey, 2013
2. Murray E.J, Sivakumar V., Unsaturated Soils: A fundamental interpretation of Soil
behaviour, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
3. Ng C.W.W and Menzies B, Advanced unsaturated soil mechanics and engineering, CRC
Press, 2019
4. Lu, N. and Likos, W.J., Unsaturated soil mechanics, Wiley, 2004 (2)
5. Fredlund, D. J., Rahardjo, R., and Fredlund, M.D. Unsaturated Soil Mechanics in
Engineering Practice, Wiley, 2012.

Professional Elective - III: FEM in Civil Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Syllabus Contents:
Introduction: History and Applications. Spring and Bar Elements, Minimum Potential Energy
Principle, Direct Stiffness Method, Nodal Equilibrium equations, Assembly of Global Stiffness
Matrix, Element Strain and Stress.
Types: Triangular Elements, Rectangular Elements, Three-Dimensional Elements,
 Isoparametric Formulation, Axi-Symmetric Elements, Numerical Integration, Gaussian
Quadrature
Discretization of a Continuum, Elements, Strains, Stresses, Constitutive, Relations, Hooke’s
Law,Formulation of Stiffness Matrix, Boundary Conditions, Solution Algorithms
Method of Weighted Residuals: Galerkin, Finite Element Method, Application to Structural
Elements, Interpolation Functions, Compatibility and Completeness Requirements, Polynomial
Forms, Applications.
Application of FEM: i) Solid Mechanics. ii) Seepage Analysis, iii) Foundation Analysis

Reference Books:
1. Finite Element Analysis, Seshu P., Prentice-Hall of India,2005.
2. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis, Cook R. D., Wiley J., New York, 1995.
3. Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, Hutton David, Mc-Graw Hill, 2004.
4. Finite Element Analysis, Buchanan G.R., McGraw Hill Publications, New York, 1995.
5. Finite Element Method, Zienkiewicz O.C. & Taylor R.L. Vol. I, II & III, Elsevier, 2000.
6. Finite Element Methods in Engineering, Belegundu A.D., Chandrupatla, T.R., Prentice
Hall India, 1991.
7. K.J. Bathe, Finite element procedures, PHI Ltd., 1996.
8. David M Potts and Lidija Zdravkovic, “Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical
9. Engineering Theory and Application”, Thomas Telford. 1999

Professional Elective - III: Engineering Rock Mechanics

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
1 Rock: Formation of rocks, Physical properties, Classification of rocks and 6
rock masses, Elastic constants of rock; In-situ stresses in rock
2. Rock Testing: Laboratory and Field tests. Discontinuities in Rock Masses: 16
Discontinuity orientation, Effect of discontinuities on strength of rock
Strength Behaviour: Compression, Tension and Shear, Stress-Strain
3 relationships, Rheological behavior 8
4 Strength/ Failure Criterion: Mohr-Coulomb, Griffith theory, Hoek and 8
Brown, strength and other strength criteria. Stresses in rock near
underground openings
5. Application of rock mechanics in Civil Engineering: Rock tunneling, 8
rock slope stability, bolting, blasting, grouting and rock foundation design.
Modern modelling techniques & analyses in rocks.
References:
1. Hudson J.A. and J.P. Harrison. Engineering Rock Mechanics: an Introduction to
thePrinciples, 1997. Elsevier, Oxford
 2. Goodman, R.E. Introduction to Rock Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Ramamurthy, T., “Engineering in Rocks”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd Jaeger, J.C. and Cook,
N.G.W,
4. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Chapman and Hall, 1976. Wyllie, D.C., Foundations
on Rock, E & FN Spon. 2nd Edition, 1992.

Professional Elective - III: Flow through Porous Media

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
1. Introduction, Occurrence of ground water flow and storage characteristics of 8
aquifers, Darcy’s law;
Anisotropy and heterogeneity, Governing equations for ground water flow,
Dupuit-Forchheimer assumptions, general differential equations governing
ground water flow, Analytical solutions
2. Dupuit’s theory for unconfined flow, Two-dimensional flow in horizontal 7
impervious boundaries;
Free surface subject to infiltration / evaporation; Pavlovsky solution
Flow Nets solution by conformal transformation, reciprocal function,
3. velocity hodograph, Zhokovsky function, Schwarz-Christoffel 10
transformation
Confined flow : beneath weirs; Khosla’s solution; weirs on permeable soils
4. with sheet piles. Approximate solution – method of fragments; seepage 8
through earth dams on porous base with toe filter and tail water; solution by
inversion
5. Electrical Analogy; Sketching flownets for various cases Ground water 7
conservation, artificial recharge, Ground water pollution: remedy and
prevention; Ground Water flow modeling
References:
1. HARR M. E. : Ground Water and Seepage
2. SPANGLER M. G. : Soil Engineering

Professional Elective - III: Soil Properties & Behavior

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
 1. Introduction – formation of soils – different soil deposits and their 8
engineering properties – Genesis of clay minerals –identification and
classification – Anion and cation exchange capacity of clays – specific
surface area – bonding in clays.
2. Physical and physio-chemical behaviour of soils – diffused double 7
layer theory – computation of double layer distance – effect of ion
concentration, ionic valency, pH, dielectric constant, temperature on double
layer – stern layer – attractive and repulsive forces in clays – types of soil
water – mechanism of soil – water interactions - soil structure.
Problems associated with swelling and shrinkage behaviour of soils –Causes,
3. consequences and mechanisms – factors influencing swell – shrink 10
characteristics – swell potential – osmotic swell pressure – soil fabric and
measurement – sensitivity, thixotrophy of soils – soil suction
soil compaction – factors affecting soil compaction. Compressibility, shear
4. strength and permeability behaviour of fine and coarse grained soils – 8
mechanisms and factors influencing engineering properties – liquefaction
potential – causes and consequences
5. Conduction in soils – hydraulic, electrical, chemical and thermal flows in 7
soils – applications - coupled flows – Electro-kinetic process – thermo
osmosis - electro osmosis – prediction of engineering behaviour of soils
using index properties – empirical equations and their applicability.
References:
1. Mitchell, J.K., Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour, John Wiley, New York, 1993.
2. Yong, R.N. and Warkentin, B.P., Introduction to Soil Behaviour, Macmillan, Limited, London, 1979.
3. Coduto, D.P., Geotechnical Engineering – Principles and practices, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., NewDelhi, 2002.
4. Das, B.M.,Principles of Geotechnical Engg, PWS Publishing Comp, Boston, 1998

Professional Elective - III: Subsurface Investigation and Instrumentation

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
Introduction: Necessity and Importance of soil exploration, Method of sub
1 surface exploration Test pits, Trenches, Caissons, Tunnels and drifts, Wash 4
boring, Percussion drilling , Rotary drilling, Factors affecting the selection
of a suitable method of boring
 Extent of boring, Factors controlling spacing and depth of bore holes,
2 Spacing and depth of various Civil engineering structures. Indirect method 8
of exploration, Seismic method, Electrical resistivity, Resistivity sounding
and profiling, Qualitative and quantitative interpretation of test results,
Comparison of resistivity and seismic surveys, Shortcomings
3 Stabilization of bore holes, Different method of stabilization of the bore 9
holes, their relative merits and demerits. Ground water Observation:
Different method of ground water observation: Time lag in observation,
sampling of ground water.
4 Sampling: Source of disturbance and their influence. Type of sampler,
Principle of design of sampler, Representative and undisturbed sampling in 10
various types of soils. Surface sampling, Amount of sampling, Boring and
sampling record, Preservation and shipment of sample preparation of bore
log.
5 Penetration tests, Standard penetration tests, Dynamic cone penetration
tests with and without bentonite slurry, Static cone penetration tests, factor 16
affecting the penetration tests. Various corrections in the test results.
Interpretation of test result for design and determination of modulus of
deformation. Small size penetrometers. Correlation among various test
results.

References:
1. Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill International Edition, 1997.
2. Schnaid, F., “ In Situ Testing in Geomechanics”, Taylor and Francis.

Professional Elective - IV: Earth Retaining Structures

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Syllabus Contents:
Unit Course Content Contact
Hours
1. Earth Pressure: Rankine and Coulomb theories, active, passive and 8
pressure at rest; concentrated surcharge above the back fill, earth pressure
due to uniform surcharge, earth pressure of stratified backfills, saturated
and partially saturated backfill.
2. Retaining walls: Proportioning of retaining walls, stability of 7
retaining walls,mechanically stabilized retaining walls/reinforced earth
retaining walls
 3. Sheet Pile wall: free earth system, 8
fixed earth system
Bulkheads: bulkheads with free and fixed earth supports, equivalent beam 8
4. method, Anchorage of bulkheads and resistance of anchor walls, spacing
between bulkheads and anchor walls, resistance of anchor plates
5. Tunnel and Conduit: Types of conduits, Load on projecting conduits; 13
Arching and Open Cuts: Arching in soils,Braced excavations: Earth pressure
against bracings in cuts, Heave of the bottom of cut in soft clays
References:
1. Das, Braja M., “Principles of Foundation Engineering”, PWS Publishing. 1998
2. Bowles. J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, Tata McGraw-Hill International Edition,5th
Edn, 1997.

Professional Elective - IV: Design of Underground Excavations

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
1. Introduction, planning of and exploration for various underground 8
construction projects, stereographic projection method, principle and its
application in underground excavation design.
2. Elastic stress distribution around tunnels, stress distribution for different 7
shapes and under different in-situ stress conditions, Greenspan
method, design principles, multiple openings, openings in laminated
rocks, elasto-plastic analysis of tunnels, Daemen’s theory
Application of rock mass classification systems, ground conditions
3. in tunneling, analysis of underground openings in squeezing and 10
swelling ground, empirical methods, estimation of elastic modulus and
modulus of deformation of rocks; uniaxial jacking / plate jacking tests,
radial jacking and Goodman jacking tests, long term behaviour of
tunnels and caverns, New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM),
Norwegian Tunneling Method (NTM), construction dewatering.
Rock mass-tunnel support interaction analysis, ground response and
4. support reaction curves, Ladanyi’ selasto-plastic analysis of tunnels, 8
design of various support systems including concrete and shotcrete
linings, steel sets, rock bolting and rock anchoring, combined support
systems, estimation of load carrying capacity of rock bolts
 5. In-situ stress, flat jack, hydraulic fracturing and over coring techniques 7
and USBM type drill hole deformation gauge, single and multi-point bore
hole extensometers, load cells, pressure cells, etc. Instrumentation and
monitoring of underground excavations, during and after construction,
various case studies

References:
1. Hoek, E and and Brown, E. T.,” Underground Excavations in Rocks”, Institute
of MiningEngineering.Obert, L. and Duvall, W.I.,
2. Rock Mechanics and Design of Structures in Rocks”, John Wiley. Singh, B. and Goel, R.K.,”
3. Rock Mass Classification- A Practical Engineering Approach”, Elsevier.Singh, B.
and Goel, R.K., “Tunnelling in Weak Rocks”, Elsevier

Professional Elective - IV: Physical and Constitutive Modelling on Geo-mechanics

3-0-0 Credit: 3

\
Unit Course Content Contact Hours

1. Role of constitutive modeling; Importance of laboratory testing 8

with relation to constitutive modeling; Elasticity: linear, quasi linear,
anisotropic;

2. Plasticity basics: yield criteria, flow rule, plastic potential, 7

hardening/softening; Rate
Independent Plasticity: mohr-coulomb, nonlinear failure criteria,
Drucker Prager, and cap models;
Critical state soil mechanics: critical state concept, cam clay models,
3. simulation of single element test using cam clay, 10
Consolidation, drained and undrained triaxial test; Stress dilatancy
4. theory; 8
5. Work hardening plasticity theory: formulation and implementation; 7
Applications of elasto-plastic models; Special Topics: hypoelasticity-
plasticity, disturbed state concept.

References:
1. Hicher and Shao, “Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks”, John Wiley. 2008
C.S. Desai and H. J. Siriwardane,
 2. “Constitutive Laws for Engineering Materials withEmphasis on Geologic Materials”, Prentice-
Hall, Inc., New Jersey. 198 David M Potts and LidijaZdravkovic,
3. “Finite Element Analysis in GeotechnicalEngineering Theory and Application”, Thomas
Telford. 1999C.S. Desai,
4. Mechanics of Materials and Interfaces: The Disturbed State Concept”, CRC Press LLC. 2000
A.P.S. Selvadurai, M.J. Boulon, “Mechanics of Geomaterial Interfaces, Elsevier

Professional Elective - IV: Geo-synthetics Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact Hours

1. Background of reinforced earth, mechanism and concepts, Basics of 8

reinforced earth wall design – Geo-synthetics - classifications,
functions, applications, raw materials used. Different types of
Geosynthetics, manufacturing, system,
2. Design and sustainability - Various properties of Geo-synthetics, 7
physical properties, mechanical properties, hydraulic properties &
endurance properties.
Nano material - Different types of facing elements, construction
procedure, cost, design of Geo-synthetics wrap around faced wall,
3. 10
geogrid reinforced soil walls, geocell wall, gabion wall - Model for
single and multi-layer reinforced slopes, guidelines for design of
reinforced slopes,
Design of basal reinforced embankment, placement of Geo-
synthetics, construction procedure, widening of existing road
4. 8
embankments. Consolidation techniques
5. Development of design chart for preUNSATfabricated vertical drains, 7
ground instrumentation and monitoring, Design of encased stone
columns, geocell/geofoam systems. Bearing capacity of Geosynthetics
reinforced soil system; geocell reinforced sand overlaying soft clay.

References:
1. P. T. Sherwood, Alternative Materials in Road Construction, Thomas Telford Publication,
London, 1997.
a. RRL, DSIR, Soil Mechanics for Road Engineers, HMSO, London, 1995
b. Koerner, R. M. Designing with Geosynthetics, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey,
U.S.A.
 Professional Elective - IV: Cost Management & Engineering Projects
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact Hours

1. Introduction and Overview of the Strategic Cost Management Process 4

Cost concepts in decision-making; Relevant cost, Differential cost,

2. Incremental cost and Opportunity cost. Objectives of a Costing System; 8
Inventory valuation; Creation of a Database for operational control;
Provision of data for Decision-Making.
3. Project: meaning, Different types, why to manage, cost overruns 9
centres, various stages of project
execution: conception to commissioning. Project execution as a
conglomeration of technical and non- technical activities. Detailed
Engineering activities. Pre project execution main clearances and
documents Project team: Role of each member. Importance Project site:
Data required with significance. Project contracts. Types and contents.
Project execution Project cost control. Bar charts and Network diagram.
Project commissioning: mechanical and process
Cost Behavior and Profit Planning Marginal Costing; Distinction between
Marginal Costing and Absorption Costing; Break-even Analysis, Cost-
4. 10
Volume-Profit Analysis. Various decision-making problems. Standard
Costing and Variance Analysis. Pricing strategies: Pareto Analysis. Target
costing, Life Cycle Costing. Costing of service sector. Just-in-time approach,
Material Requirement Planning, Enterprise Resource Planning, Total Quality
Management and Theory of constraints. Activity-Based Cost Management,
Bench Marking; Balanced Score Card and Value-Chain Analysis. Budgetary
Control; Flexible Budgets; Performance budgets; Zero-based budgets.
Measurement of Divisional profitability pricing decisions including transfer
pricing.
5. Quantitative techniques for cost management, Linear Programming,
PERT/CPM, Transportation problems, Assignment problems, 8
Simulation, Learning Curve Theory.

References:
1. Cost Accounting A Managerial Emphasis, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
2. Charles T. Horngren and George Foster, Advanced Management Accounting
3. Robert S Kaplan Anthony A. Alkinson, Management & Cost Accounting
4. Ashish K. Bhattacharya, Principles & Practices of Cost Accounting A. H. Wheeler publisher
5. N.D. Vohra, Quantitative Techniques in Management, Tata McGraw Hill Book Co. Ltd.
 Open Elective - II: Marine Geo-techniques
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact

Hours
1 Marine soil deposits: Offshore environment, Offshore structures and 8
foundations, Specific problems related to marine soil deposits, Physical and
engineering properties of marine soils

Behaviour of soils subjected to repeated loading: Effect of wave loading

on offshore foundations, Behavior of sands and clays under cyclic loading,
8
Laboratory experiments including repeated loading, Cyclic behavior of
2 soils based on fundamental theory of mechanics, Approximate
engineering methods which can be used for practical cases
Site Investigation in the case of marine soil deposits: Challenges of site
3 investigation in marine environment, Different site investigation 8
techniques, sampling techniques, Geophysical methods, Recent
advancements in site investigation and sampling used for marine soil
deposits
Foundations in marine soil deposits: Different offshore and nearshore
foundations, Gravity platforms, Jack-up rigs, pile foundations. cassions,
4 8
spudcans
5 Numerical modeling of marine foundations subjected to wave loading:
Numerical modeling of cyclic behavior of soils, empirical models, elastic-
8
plastic models, FEM analysis of marine foundations subjected to wave
loading
Reference:
1. Offshore Geotechnical Engineering, Mark Randolph and Susan Gourvenec, 2011
2. SP -2209-OCN Handbook for Marine Geotechnical Engineering, David Thompson and
Diane Jarrah Beasley;2012.
3. Coastal Engineering: Process , theory and Design, Reeve D and Chadwick A. ,2004,
Taylor and Francis.
 Open Elective - II: Remote Sensing and GIS Applications
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Introduction - Definition- Principle of Remote Sensing- History of Development of Remote

Sensing- Stages in Remote Sensing- Electromagnetic Radiation and the Electromagnetic Spectrum-
Interactions With the Atmosphere- Atmospheric Scattering- Atmospheric Absorption- Atmospheric
Windows- Refraction- Interaction of EMR with the Earth's Surface Reflection- Transmission-
Spectral Signature.
Platforms & Sensors- Remote Sensing Systems- Remote Sensing From Space- Remote Sensing
Sensors- Resolution- Imaging Sensors- Optical Infrared (OIR) Imagers- Optical Sensors Thermal
Sensors- Microwave Sensors- Active Microwave Sensors- Data Preprocessing- Remote Sensing in
India.
Introduction to Image Interpretation- Basic Principles of Image Interpretation- Elements of Image
Interpretation- Techniques of Image Interpretation- Interpretation Keys- Introduction to Digital
Image Processing- Digital Image- Image Rectification and Registration- Geometric Correction-
Image Enhancement Techniques (Only Concepts)- Image Classification - Unsupervised
Classification and Supervised Classification- Digital Photogrammetry - Stereo Images from
Satellites - Data Merging.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)- Definitions and Related Technology- GIS Operations GIS
Elements- GIS Concepts and Practice- Map Projection and Coordinate System.
Vector Data Model- Introduction- Vector Data Representation- Geometric Objects- Topology.
Vector Data Analysis- Introduction- Buffering- Applications of Buffering- Map Overlay- Feature
Type and Map Overlay- Map Overlay Methods- Slivers- Error Propagation in Map – Overlay
Distance Measurement- Map Manipulation
Raster Data Analysis- Introduction- Analysis Environment- Local Operations- Local Operations
With a Single Grid- Local Operations With Multiple Grids- Neighborhood Operations- Zonal
Operations. Terrain Mapping and Analysis- Introduction- Data for
Terrain Mapping and Analysis- Surface Models-DEM- TIN. GIS Models and Modeling-
Introduction- GIS Modeling- Binary Models- Index Models Remote Sensing & GIS Application in
Civil Engineering – Some Case Studies from Literature.
Text Books
1. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing 2nd Ed by George Joseph- University Press- New Delhi.
2. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems by Kang Tsung Chang- Tata Mc.G.H.
Publications- New Delhi.
3. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation by Lillesand- T.M. and Kieffer- Joh Wiley and Sons-
New York- 1987.
Reference Books
1. Remote Sensing of the Environment – An Earth Resource Prespective by John R. Jensen
Pearson Education- New Delhi.
2. Geographic Information Systems: A Management Perspective by Aronoff- S. Ottawa: Wdl
Publications- 1989.
 Open Elective - II: Composite Materials
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact Hours

INTRODUCTION: Definition – Classification and characteristics of

1. Composite materials. Advantages and application of composites. 4
Functional requirements of reinforcement and matrix. Effect of
reinforcement (size, shape, distribution, volume fraction) on
overall composite performance.
REINFORCEMENTS: Preparation-layup, curing, properties and
2. applications of glass fibers, carbon fibers, Kevlar fibers and Boron fibers. 8
Properties and applications of whiskers, particle reinforcements.
Mechanical Behavior of composites: Rule of mixtures, Inverse rule of
mixtures. Iso-strain and Iso-stress conditions.
3. Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites: Casting – Solid State 9
diffusion technique, Cladding – Hot isostatic pressing. Properties and
applications. Manufacturing of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Liquid Metal
Infiltration – Liquid phase sintering. Manufacturing of Carbon – Carbon
composites: Knitting, Braiding, Weaving. Properties and applications.
Manufacturing of Polymer Matrix Composites: Preparation of
4. Moulding compounds and prepregs – hand layup method – Autoclave 10
method – Filament winding method – Compression moulding – Reaction
injection moulding. Properties and applications.
5. Strength: Laminar Failure Criteria-strength ratio, maximum stress criteria,
maximum strain criteria, interacting failure criteria, hydrothermal failure. 8
Laminate first play failure-insight strength; Laminate strength-ply discount
truncated maximum strain criterion; strength design using caplet plots;
stress concentrations.

References:
1. Material Science and Technology– Vol13– Composites by R.W.Cahn–VCH, West
Germany.
2. Materials Science and Engineering, An introduction. WD Callister, Jr., Adapted by R.
Balasubramaniam, John Wiley & Sons, NY, Indianedition,2007.
3. Hand BookofCompositeMaterials-ed-Lubin.
4. Composite Materials–K.K. Chawla.
5. Composite Materials Science and Applications–Deborah D.L. Chung.
6. Composite Materials Design and Applications–Danial Gay, Suong V. Hoa, and Stephen W.Tasi.
 Open Elective - II: Waste to Energy
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit Course Content Contact Hours

Introduction to Energy from Waste: Classification of waste as fuel –

1 Agro based, Forest residue, Industrial waste - MSW – Conversion 4
devices – Incinerators, gasifiers, digestors
Biomass Pyrolysis: Pyrolysis – Types, slow fast – Manufacture of
2 charcoal – Methods - Yields and application – Manufacture of 8
pyrolytic oils and gases, yields and applications.
3 Biomass Gasification: Gasifiers – Fixed bed system – Downdraft and 9
updraft gasifiers – Fluidized bed gasifiers – Design, construction and
operation – Gasifier burner arrangement for
thermal heating – Gasifier engine arrangement and electrical
power – Equilibrium and kinetic consideration in gasifier operation.
Biomass Combustion: Biomass stoves – Improved chullahs, types,
4 some exotic designs, Fixed bed combustors, Types, inclined grate 10
combustors, Fluidized bed combustors, Design,
construction and operation - Operation of all
the above biomass combustors.
5 Biogas: Properties of biogas (Calorific value and composition) -
Biogas plant technologyand status - Bio energy system - Design and 8
constructional features - Biomass resources and their classification -
Biomass conversion processes - Thermo chemical conversion - Direct
combustion - biomass gasification - pyrolysis and liquefaction -
biochemical conversion - anaerobic digestion - Types of biogas
Plants – Applications - Alcohol production from biomass - Bio diesel
production - Urban waste to energy conversion - Biomass energy
programme in India.

References:
1. Non Conventional Energy, Desai, Ashok V., Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1990.
2. Biogas Technology - A Practical Hand Book - Khandelwal, K. C. and Mahdi, S. S., Vol. I & II,
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 1983.
3. Food, Feed and Fuel from Biomass, Challal, D. S., IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1991.
4. Biomass Conversion and Technology, C. Y. WereKo-Brobby and E. B. Hagan, John Wiley &
Sons, 1996.Science and Technology – Vol 13 – Composites by R.W.Cahn – VCH,
WestGermany.
 Lab - III: Soil Dynamics Lab
0-0-4 Credit: 2

Core: (SM2201)

S. No. Contents
1 Spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) Test / Multi-channel analysis of
surface waves (MASW)test
2 Seismic cross-hole test
3 Seismic down-hole / up-hole test
4 Seismic dilatometer test
5 Resonant column test
6 Piezoelectric bender element test
7 Cyclic Triaxial test
8 Cyclic direct shear test

Suggested Books
1. B.M. Das, Principle of Soil Dynamics, Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc; 2nd ed. edition (1
January 2010)
2. B.M. Das, Dynamics of Soils and Foundations. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc
 Lab - IV: Geotechnical Modelling Lab
0-0-4 Credit: 2

S. No. Contents
1 Introduction to FEM, FDM and FELA techniques in Geotechnical Modelling.
2 Stability of Slope Subjected to unconfined seepage
3 Stability of Retaining wall
4 Sheet pile wall subjected to seepage pressure
5 Strip Footing on Mohr-Coulomb Sand
6 Pull out of anchors in Sand
7 Tunnelling using Convergence Confinement Method
 3rd SEMESTER (Syllabus)
Department of Civil Engineering

Core - V: Research Methodology & IPR

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Unit-1: Research Problem and Scope for Solution: Meaning of research problem, Sources of
research problem, Criteria Characteristics of a good research problem, Errors in selecting a
research problem, Scope and objectives of research problem. Approaches of investigation of
solutions for research problem, data collection, analysis, interpretation, Necessary
instrumentations.
Unit-2: Format: Effective literature studies approaches, analysis, Plagiarism, Research ethics.
Effective technical writing, how to write report, Paper Developing a Research Proposal, Format
of research proposal, a presentation and assessment by a review committee.
Unit-3: Process And Development: Nature of Intellectual Property: Patents, Designs, Trade and
Copyright. Process of Patenting and Development: technological research, innovation, patenting,
development. International Scenario: International cooperation on Intellectual Property.
Procedure for grants of patents, patenting under PCT.
Unit-4: Patent Rights: Patent Rights: Scope of Patent Rights. Licensing and transfer of
technology.
Patent information and databases. Geographical Indications.
Unit-5: New Developments In IPR: New Developments in IPR: Administration of Patent
System. New developments in IPR; IPR of Biological Systems, Computer Software etc.
Traditional knowledge Case Studies, IPR and IITs.
Text Books:
1. Stuart Melville and Wayne Goddard, “Research methodology: an introduction for science
&engineering students”
2. Wayne Goddard and Stuart Melville, “Research Methodology: An Introduction”
3. Ranjit Kumar, 2nd Edition, “Research Methodology: A Stepby Step Guide for beginners”
 Reference Books:
1. Halbert, “Resisting Intellectual Property”, Taylor & Francis Ltd ,2007.
2. Mayall, “Industrial Design”, McGraw Hill, 1992.
3. Niebel, “Product Design”, McGraw Hill, 1974.
4. Asimov, “Introduction to Design”, Prentice Hall, 1962.
5. Robert P. Merges, Peter S. Menell, Mark A. Lemley, “ Intellectual Property in New
Technological Age”, 2016.
6. T. Ramappa, “Intellectual Property Rights Under WTO”, S. Chand, 2008

Open Elective - III: Clay Mineralogy

3-0-0 Credit: 3

1. Origin of soils Processes and agents of earthing, Formation of clay minerals, Classification
and nomenclature.
2. Structures & Properties of clay minerals-Isomorphous substitution and base exchange in
clay minerals-orientation and randomness, crystal, chemistry, Nature of Bonds.
3. Clay minerals Identification: X-ray diffraction, Differential thermal analysis , Electro
microscopy and dehydration
4. Colloids: Particle size, Properties, Electrical charge, Coagulation of colloids Zeta potential,
Nature of the soil groups, Colloidal Properties of soil colloids and clay minerals, Adsorption
and exchange of cations, Base exchange of cations, Organic soils, Percentage base saturation
and its relation to soils pH . pH hydrolylic , pH Isohydric acid soil, Saline and alkaline soils.
5. Effect of clay minerals on engineering properties of soils: Permeability, Swelling potential,
Plasticity & characteristics, compressibility, sensitivity strength.
6. Soil Admixture with lime, cement & other materials, Effect on the properties of the
stabilized clay soils.
Reference 1. Grim R.E." Clay Minerology"
2. Blyth " Engineering Geology"

Open Elective - III: Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

3-0-0 Credit: 3

1. Geotechnical Problems in civil Engineering foundation , Soil as Construction Materials in slopes

and earth retaining structures
2. Soils as different types of materials in behaviour, Design and abuses of soil mechanics.
3. Role of calculated risk and safety factors in applied soil mechanics, Uses and abuses of soil
mechanics.
 4. Role of calculated risk and safety factors in applied soil mechanic and foundation engineering.
5. New concept in consolidation, settlement & bearing, capacity.
6. Observational procedure, its suitability for different problems in Geotechnical Engineering.
7. Limitations of the observations, Measurements of displacement of earth pressure.
8. Prediction in Geotechnical Engineering.
9. Case history, typical case of performance failure of representative soil engg. project viz. Shallow
foundation and piles, slope stability , earth dams, retaining structure, machine foundation etc

Open Elective - III: Machine Foundation

3-0-0 Credit: 3

Course content: 1. Theory of Vibrations: Definitions, harmonic motion, vibrations of a single

degree freedom system, transmissibility, theory of vibration measuring instruments.
2. General Principles of Machine Foundation Design: Types of machines and machine foundations,
criteria for satisfactory action of a machine foundation, permissible amplitude, allowable soil
pressure, permissible stresses in concrete and steel, permissible stresses in timber.
3. Evaluation of Parameters: Modes of vibration of a rigid block foundation, Barkan's soil spring
constants, determination of coefficients of elastic uniform compression and Elastic uniform shear.
4. Foundations for Reciprocating Machines: Analysis of block foundation by Barkan's theory of
linear elastic weightless spring analogy, Indian Standard for design and construction of foundation
for reciprocating machine, design procedure, design examples.
5. Foundation for Impact Machines: Dynamic analysis, Barkan's recommendations for weight and
base contact area, IS Code practice for design and construction of foundations for impact machines,
design procedure, design examples.
6. Foundations for Rotary Machines: Special considerations, design criteria, methods of analysis
and design.
7. Vibration Isolation and Screening: Active isolation, passive isolation, methods of isolation, wave
screening, vibration absorbing materials, planning for vibration isolation.
Books recommended: a. Dynamics of Bases and Foundations by D. D. Barkan. b. Soil Dynamics
by Shamsher Prakash. c. Soil Dynamics and Machine Foundations by Swami Saran. d. Principles
of Soil Dynamics by B. M. Das. e. Vibration and Shock Isolation by Crede.
 Open Elective - III: Design of Foundation Systems
3-0-0 Credit: 3

Course content:
Shallow Foundations: Types and their suitability, bearing capacity and settlement, conventional
method of design, soil line method, beams on elastic foundation analysis, finite difference method
of design, footings and raft foundations subjected to eccentric- inclined loads, footing on slopes,
footings in seismic zones, IS code.
Pile Foundations: Types, structural design, design of pile cap, design of pile foundation for a multi-
storeyed building and other important structures, construction techniques.
Bridge Sub- structures: Forces on a bridge foundation (IRC & IRS specifications), well foundation
components, stability analysis, design of various parts, material for construction, sinking of well,
placing of curb, dredging, jetting, design of well foundation for piers and abutments.
Design of retaining walls for hydraulic structures on curves and with surcharge on backfill, design
of piers, abutments and retaining walls for seismic forces.
Marine Sub-structures: Types of structures, breakwaters, wharves, sea well, design and
construction methods.
Books Recommended: 1. Design of Sub-structures by Swami Saran. 2. Design of Foundation
Systems by Kurian. 3. Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowles. 4. Foundation Design by Teng.

Dissertation-I & Research Paper

Credit: 10

Guideline:
Dissertation-I, will have mid semester presentation and end semester presentation. Mid semester
Presentation will include identification of the problem based on the literature review on the topic
referring to latest literature available.

End semester presentation should be done along with the report on identification of topic for the
work and the methodology adopted involving scientific research, collection and analysis of data,
determining solutions and must bring out individuals contribution.

Continuous assessment of Dissertation–I and Dissertation–II at Mid Sem and End Sem will be
monitored by the departmental committee
 4th SEMESTER (Syllabus)
Department of Civil Engineering

Dissertation Phase-II Credits : 20

Guideline:
Dissertation–II will be extension of the work on the topic identified in Dissertation–I.

Continuous assessment should be done of the work done by adopting the methodology decided
involving numerical analysis/conduct experiments, collection and analysis of data, etc. There will be
pre-submission seminar at the end of academic term. After the approval the student has to submit the
detail report and external examiner is called for the viva-voce to assess along with guide.