House Drainage
System
By- Prajyoti P. Upganlawar
Faculty, Civil engineering department,
S.P.B Patel Engineering College.
[email protected]
Introduction
• A system of conveyance of wastewater from all ( latrines,
bathrooms, sinks and washbasin) to disposed into municipal
sewer. This system is known as house drainage system.
Definitions
Sullage – Wastewater coming from bathrooms and kitchens
which doesnot contain fecal matter is known as sullage.
Pumbling system – It is entire system of pipe line for providing
water supply to the building or system of pipes for disposal of
wastewater from building.
Sewer – A pipe carrying sewage/wastewater is called sewer.
Soil pipe – pipe carrying sewage from latrines.
• Waste pipe – pipe carrying sullage from bathrooms, kitchen,
sinks and wash basin etc.
• Sewerage system – a system of sewers of different types and
sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town and
carrying it to wastewater treatment plant.
• Traps – traps are defined as fittings at the end of soil pipe or
waste pipe to prevent foul gases coming out of soil pipe/waste
pipe.
Principles of house
drainage
• Location of lavatory box should be one above the another so that it
requires minimum drainage line.
• Drainage line should be laid by side of building.
• Sharp bends and junctions should be avoided.
• Slope of drains should provide self cleansing velocity.
• Size of drain should be sufficient to avoid flooding while handling
maximum discharge.
• Enough number of traps.
• Intercepting trap should be provided between house drain and public
sewer to avoid entry of foul gases.
• Connections should be water tight.
• Proper ventilation from starting to final point of disposal.
• All materials and fittings of drainage system should be hard, strong,
and resistant to corrosive actions.
• Air locks, under deposists should be minimized.
Traps
• “A trap is a bent fitting which when provided in a drainage system, always
remains full of water thus maintaining a water seal”
• It allows sewage and wastewater to flow through it and prevents entry of foul
air and gases.
• Depth of water seal is vertical distance between crown and dip of a trap.
• Depth represents its strength and effectiveness.
• It varies from 25mm to 75mm.
Classification of traps
p traps
• Legs are at right angles to each other
Q traps
• Two legs meet at an angle other than a right angle
S trap
• Both legs are parallel to each other
Nahni/floor trap
• Used to collect waste water from floors, kitchens and
bathrooms.
• Made up of cast iron with grating at top to avaoid entry of
solid matter of big size.
• Have small water seal.
Gully trap
• Disconnect sullage drain from main drainage system.
• Either made up of stone-ware or of cast iron.
• Square or circular in section.
• Water seal 60-70 mm
• It may have S-trap or P-trap.
• Provided at the external face of wall.
• Receives wastewater from bath,kitchen etc. and pass it on to the
house drain carrying discharge from W/C etc.
Gully trap
Intercepting trap
• Provided at junction of house drain and public sewer.
• Water seal of 100mm.
• It has opening at top called cleaning eye having a tight plug
for frequent cleaning of the trap.
Grease trap
• To remove oily waste from wastewater.
• Used in large hotels, restaurants or industries where large
quantities of oily waste are expected to enter.
• Masonry or cast iron.
• Bent or tee pipe at the outlet.
Grease trap
Sanitary fittings
• Wash basin
• Sinks
• Bath tubs
• Water closets
• Urinals
• Flushing cisterns
Wash basin
Wash basin
• Made up of pottery, procelain, cast iron, pressed steel or plastic.
• Flat back pattern or angle back pattern
• In different shapes and size.
• Two taps, one for hot and other for cold.
• Oval shaped bowl, with an overflow at top.
• Waste pipe with strainer is provided at the bottom of bowl.
• Trap at bottom
Sink
Sink
• Used in kitchen or laboratory.
• Stainless steel, metal or pressed steel.
• Various shape and size.
• Rectangular is common shape.
• Outlet pipe provided with a grating of brass or nickel may
discharge over floor trap.
Bath tubs
• Made up of iron or steel, coated with enamel, enamelled
porcelain or of plastic material.
• Madeup of marble chips or terrazo.
• Length vary from 1.7 to 1.85 m width between 0.7m to 0.75m,
depth 0.43 to 0.45.
• Provided with outlets and overflow pipe usually of 40 mm dia.
Water Closets
• Designed to receive wastewater from person using it.
• Connected to soil pipe by means of suitable trap.
• Connected to flushing cistern.
• 3 types-
1. Indian type
2. European type
3. Anglo Indian type
Indian style W/C
European W/C
Anglo Indian w/c
Urinals
Urinals
• Two types-
1. Bowl type
2. Slab type
• Stall urinals has more than one units, with a c/c spacing of 0.6 to 0.7
m.
• Made up of stoneware, slate and cement.
• Discharging of waste into soil pipe through floor trap.
• Automatic flushing cisterns are generally provided in stall type
which operates at regular interval of 10 to 15 mins.
Stall type
Bowl type
Flushing Cisterns
• Cast iron (Indian type, fixed at about 2m above floor level) or
procelain (European and Anglo indian type, fixed at about
60cm above floor level)
• Used for flushing out water closets and urinals.
• Two types of flushing cisterns
1. Valveless siphonic type (bell type flushing cistern)
2. Valve fitted siphonic type
Systems of plumbing
• Single stack system
• One pipe system
• Partially ventilated single stack syatem
• Two pipe system
Single stack system
One pipe system
Two pipe system
