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Angularp

The angular momentum principle states that: [1] The rate of change of the total angular momentum of a system is equal to the net external torque acting on the system. [2] For a multiparticle system, the angular momentum of each particle changes due to external and internal forces, but the net torque from internal forces cancels out. [3] The angular momentum principle can be applied to both the center of mass of a system and its rotation about the center of mass.

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69 views

Angularp

The angular momentum principle states that: [1] The rate of change of the total angular momentum of a system is equal to the net external torque acting on the system. [2] For a multiparticle system, the angular momentum of each particle changes due to external and internal forces, but the net torque from internal forces cancels out. [3] The angular momentum principle can be applied to both the center of mass of a system and its rotation about the center of mass.

Uploaded by

Ryan Negad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The angular momentum principle

  A
dp 
 Fnet  Fnet
dt rA
    
dLA d  rA  p  dr   dp 
?  A  p  rA  p
dt dt dt dt 
 Fnet
 
 v   mv  0
So, if we define a new measure
of twist about the center A, The Angular Momentum Principle
the net torque about A acting for a Single Point Particle
on the particle,

   dLA   
 A  rA  Fnet  rA  Fnet   A
dt
   
we’ve established
 
LA  rA  Fnet t   A t

Note how it explains the behavior we observed in the preceding examples.


Clicker Torque at angle
torque :
  
 A  rA  Fnet

A  A  rA Fnet sin 


A
B

rA
C
 A  rA Fnet
1. Which case corresponds to largest torque?
2. The direction of Torque in case B is:
A) into page
B) out of page
C) it has no direction since it is zero
Example:
momentum and angular momentum principles
  Falling object
dp
Use the momentum principle:  Fnet (nonrelativistic)

dt A

d  mv  dv LA
 mg g
dt dt
Use the angular momentum principle:

dLA   
 rA  Fnet   A
dt

 A  xmg
  
LA  rA  p
LA  r p  xmv
d  xmv  dv dv
 xm g
dt dt dt
Conservation of angular momentum

 
LA, system  LA, surroundings  0

Important: both L’s must be about the same point (axis)

Example:
A comet

B Fgrav

rA


dLA   
 rA  Fnet   A
dt

CLICKER: What is the direction of the torque on the comet in point B about
the star due to gravitational pull?

A) Into the page


B) Out of the page
C) It is zero
Considering the comet at points 1 and 2,
  
LA  rA  p r1mv1  r2 mv2 r1v1  r2 v2
(nonrelativistic)
Clicker

A ball falls straight down in the xy plane. Its momentum is shown by the
blue arrow. What is the direction of the ball's angular momentum
about the origin?
A) +y
y B) –y
C) +z (out of the page)
D) –z (into the page)
E) zero magnitude

  
LA  rA  p
Clicker

A planet orbits a star, in a circular orbit in


the xy plane. Its momentum is shown by the
red arrow.
What is the direction of the angular
momentum of the planet in respect to
 the star? 
p
 as p
A) same direction
B) opposite to p
C) into the page
D) out of the page
E) zero magnitude
  
LA  rA  p
Multiparticle System 
 F2,ext

dL1       F1,ext 
 r1  F1,ext  r1  f12  r1  f13  f 21
dt f12
 m1
dL2        m2
 r2  F2,ext  r2  f 21  r2  f 23  f 23
dt  r2
f13 
dL3         f 32
 r3  F3,ext  r3  f31  r3  f 32 r1  r2 r1 f31
dt m3

r3 
A
F3,ext
Net torque caused by internal forces cancels out!

So, we’ve established that



Ltot , A 
 net ,ext , A
     

d L1  L2  L3  
dL1 dL2 dL3  
 
   
 r1  F1,ext  r2  F2,ext  r3  F3,ext
dt dt dt dt
The angular momentum principle
for a multiparticle system

dLtot , A 
  net ,ext , A
dt
 
Ltot , A   net ,ext , A t

The angular momentum principle relative to the center of mass:


 
dLcm d     dLrot
dt

dt   

rcm,cm  Ptot  Lrot 
dt

dLrot 
  net ,cm
dt
 
Lrot   net ,cm t
Recall that we can express the total angular momentum of a system as the sum
its translational and rotational (or spin) angular momenta.

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