ENGINEERING UTILITIES-1
TOPIC 2 – BUILDING ELECTRICAL
MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
Panelboards
A panelboard is one or more metal cabinets that serve as a single
unit, including buses, automatic overcurrent protection devices (fuses
or circuit breakers).
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Circuit Breakers
A circuit breaker is an overcurrent protection device that serves two
purposes: It acts as a switch that can be opened and closed manually,
and most importantly, it automatically “trips off,” which opens the
circuit when current flowing through it exceeds the circuit rating.
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OUTLET
an outlet is the location in a branch circuit where electricity is used.
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Receptacle
A receptacle is a female connecting device with slotted contacts. It is
installed at an outlet or on equipment, where it is intended to easily
establish an electrical connection with an inserted plug.
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Plug
A plug is a male connecting device that has two or more prongs that
are inserted into a receptacle to connect to an electrical circuit.
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Switches
A simple switch is a device placed between two or more electrical
conductors in a circuit to safely and intentionally open or close the
circuit
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Conductor Power Loss
Heat generated by current flow through a conductor results in a loss
of power. This lost power is referred to as power loss or line loss.
Power loss (Ploss) in a conductor can be computed with amperage (I)
or voltage (V) and resistance (R) by the following formula:
Ploss = I²R = V²/R
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Power loss is converted directly to heat. Power
loss is equivalent to heat produced. The
relationship between power and heat is 1 W 3.413
Btu/hr. Heat produced (q) for a known power loss
(Ploss) can be computed by the following formula:
q = 3.413 Ploss
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
EXAMPLE
A copper conductor (wire) used in a 20 amp common household
circuit has a resistance of 1.62 Ω/1000 ft (from Chapter 17). The total
conductor length is 80 ft.
a. Determine the power loss in the conductors, when the circuit is
fully loaded.
b. Determine the heat produced by the conductors.
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
Electrical Boxes
Electrical boxes are metal and non-metallic (plastic) enclosures that
hold devices such as switches or outlets and safely permit wiring
connections.
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ELECTRIC MOTORS
IN HOME, ELECTRIC MOTORS ARE FOUND IN REFRIGERATOR,
FREEZERS, DISHWASHERS, KITCHEN SINK, WASTE DISPOSAL,
PORTABLE KITCHEN APPLIANCES, EXHAUST AND
VENTILATION FANS, CLOTHES WASHERS ETC.
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MOTOR RATING
INRUSH CURRENT PROTECTION
LOCKED ROTOR AMPERAGE
FULL LOAD AMPERAGE
MOTOR’S SERVIC E FACTOR
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TYPES OF MOTORS
UNIVERSAL MOTOR
SPLIT-PHASE MOTOR
CAPACITOR MOTOR
INDUCTION MOTORS
THREE-PHASE MOTORS
DUAL-VOLTAGE MOTORS
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UNIVERSAL MOTOR
The universal motor is a type of electric motor that can operate on either AC or
DC power and uses an electromagnet as its stator to create its magnetic field.
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SPLIT-PHASE MOTOR
A split phase induction motor is a type of AC motor that is
commonly used in various applications, including household
appliances, fans, and pumps.
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CAPACITOR MOTOR
A capacitor motor is a split-phase induction motor where the starting
winding of this motor has a capacitor that is connected in series with
it.
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INDUCTION MOTORS
is an AC electric motor in which the electric current in the rotor that
produces torque is obtained by electromagnetic
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THREE-PHASE MOTORS
A three-phase motor is an electric motor that typically receives its
power from a three-phase system (three-phase current) This can be
realised via a three-phase mains supply or a frequency inverter.
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DUAL-VOLTAGE MOTORS
Dual voltage motors are electrical devices which transform electrical
energy into mechanical energy. They may be use either of the two stated
voltages but are wired differently to maintain the motor output.
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MOTOR CONTROLLERS
A MOTOR CONTROLLER IS A SWITHCHING DEVICE DESIGNED TO
START, STOP, AND PROTECT THE MOTOR.
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OCCUPANT PROTECTION
NEED FOR OCCUPANT PROTECTION
TAMPER-RESISTANT RECEPTACLES
GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTION
ARC FAULT PROTECTION
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TAMPER-RESISTANT RECEPTACLES
TR receptacles function electrically like a standard receptacle but adds a built-in
safety mechanism that helps prevent electricity from energizing anything that is
stuck into the receptacle that shouldn't be.
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GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTION
The ground-fault circuit interrupter, or GFCI, is a fast-acting circuit
breaker designed to shut off electric power in the event of a ground-
fault within as little as 1/40 of a second.
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Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
ARC FAULT PROTECTION
refers to any device that is designed to guard against faulty
connections causing arcing, or sparking. A detection device senses
the electrical arc and breaks the circuit to prevent an electrical fire.
Arc-fault protection devices keep people safe and are essential for
fire safety.
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
Prepared by: Carl Joseph M. Delin
