UNDERSTANDING EXAM

QUESTIONS

COMBINED SCIENCE
PAPER 2 - THEORY
NAME THE SI UNIT/ELEMENT
• Name required not symbol alone .
• Names usually but not always one word. eg downward
displacement of water is the name of a method of gas
collection of gases which are insoluble or sparingly
soluble in water.
• eg. NAME THE:-
• 1.SI unit of mass, length, time, temperature and volume.
• 2. Two processes which releases oxygen into the
atmosphere.
NAME
• 3 ..any element in group 2 of the Periodic Table.
STATE
• A concise answer, with little or no supporting
argument, eg. a law, o r princple or theory ,
condition, factor, function, a relationship, use,
advantage, danger , precaution , numerical answer
that can be obtained by inspection, and observation
• State (a) Ohm''s law .
• (b) The principle of moments.
• (c) The Kinetic Theory .
• (d) Three conditions necessary for seed gemination /
photosynthesis/ rusting
STATE
• /optimum conditions for Haber, Contact and
Ostwald processes / for the fermentation of
biological waste in biogas production
• (e) Four factors affecting speed of
reaction/production of biogas/speed of rotation of
coil in an electric motor / magnitude of induced
voltage in a generator
• (f) Two functions of transpiratio/ mammalian heart
/functions of flower parts / seed parts
STATE
• /the relationship between size of carbohydrates
molecules and solubility of the carbohydrates in
water.
• (g) Industrial uses of of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
dioxide, ammonia, sulphuric acid, nitric acid /
electric motors / danger involved when testing a
leaf for starch / precaution taken when testing a
leaf for starch / during this experiment/ to ensure
accurate reading
• NB Precaution not necessarily safety
STATE
• (h) percentages of oxygen, nitrogen , and carbon
dioxide in normal clean air , charge on each proton,
electron, neutron star
• (i) Overall energy chain in mouthpiece and earpiece
of cell phone.
• (j) Two main order of events main events involved
during communication using a cell phone.
STATE
• (I) observation made when:-
• 1. Magnet is brought near an iron nail
• 2. Magnesium ribbon is held in a burner flame
• 3. Copper (II) sulphate is added to water
• 4. Universal indicator solution is added to :-
• (a) Dilute sulphuric acid
• (b) Sodium hydroxide solution
• (c) Distilled water
DEFINE
• Only a formal statement or equivalent is needed
• EXAMPLES
• Define
• (a) Photosynthesis (5)
• (b) Respiration (3)
• (c) Diffusion
• (d) Osmosis
• (e) Active uptake
DEFINE
• (f) mass
• (g) Volume
• (h) Density
• (I) Force
• (j) Pressure
• (k) Current
• (l) Voltage
• (l) Catalyst
• (m) Transpiration)
DEFINE
• (n) global warming
• (o) Proton number and mass number
• (p) Electrical power
• (q) Machine
• (r) Atom and element
• (S) Compound and molecule
• (t) Chemical and physical changes
• (u) Fertilisation
• (v) Friction
WHAT DO YOU
UNDERSTAND BY THE
TERM ....
• Normally implies that a definition should be given,
together with some relevant comment on the
significance or context of the term.depends on the
indicated mark.
LIST
• Implies a number points with no elaborations and
the specified number should not be exceeded.
• Only the first speciied number of points are marked
from left to right and top to bottom
• EXAPLES
• Last :-
• 1. two causes of global warming
LIST
• 2. metals in order of decreasing reactivity.
• 3. three raw for the industrial manufacture of
sulphuric acid.
• 4. Two alloys of iron / copper.
• 5.three uses of ethanol
• 6..four types of media for signal transmission
 DESCRIBE
• Main points of the phenomena ,prices or
experiment should be stated in words
• Diagrams may be used where appropriate.
• Where an experiment is to be described, the answer
answer should reference to observations associated
with the phenomena.
• EXAMPLES
• 1. Describe an experiment to:-
• (a) Find out conditions necessary for rusting of iron
DESCRIBE

• EXAMPLES
• 1. Describe an experiment to:-
• (a) Find out conditions necessary for rusting of iron
• (b) Show that carbon dioxide is necessary for
photosynthesis
• (c) Verify Ohm''s law
DESCRIBE
• 2. Describe how the simple d.c. motor works /
petrol/diesel engine / works.
• 3. Describe ionic bonding
• 4. Describe reactions in the Blast furnace
• 5.Describe the industrial manufacture of ammonia
• 6.Describe the fstructure, unction and operation of
a lift pump
• 7. Describe the test for glucose
DESCRIBE
• 8. Describe the menstrual cycle
• 9. Describe the role of the alveoli
• 10. Describe the life cycle of the bilharzia paresite
• 11. Describe methods of controlling malaria
• 12. Describe an artificial ecosystem
• 13. Three carburetor faults which reduce fuel
efficiency
• 14. Describe atmospheric pressure.
DESCRIBE
• 15. The route of sperm from tested to the ovum
after ovulation.
• 16. A healthy person
• 17.the role of the carburetor
EXPLAIN / INTERPRET
• May imply reasoning or reference to a theory,
depending on the context.
• EXAMPLES
• Explain:-
• 1. Filtration
• 2. Dissolving
• 3. The design of a solar water heater.
• 4. Effect of temperature on speed of reaction of an
acid a and magnesium
EXPLAIN
• 5. Why:-
• (a) Arteries have thick walls
• (b) Veins have large lumen
• (c) Capillaries have llarge lumen
• (d) Capillaries have pocket valves
EXPLAIN
• 6. Explain observation made when::-
• (a) Iodine solution is added to a starch suspension.
• ((b) PBlue copper (II) sulphate is heated .
• (c) A polythene rod rubbed with cotton wool is
brought near near a small piece of paper.
• (e) An Irish potato piece is dipped in water for some
time / converse.
• (f) A stronger magnet/ coil with more turns / faster
rotating coil is used in a generator.
EXPLAIN
• 7. The effect of depth of a point in a fluid on
pressure at the point
• 8. Conduction / convection /radiation
• 10. Energy loss in machines.
• 11..the shape of the heating curve of water starting
as ice at 20*C ending as steam at 100*C.
CALCULATE
• Numerical answer with working leading to the
answer needed.
• EXAMPLES
• CALCULATE:-
• 1.density of 500 g of substance X whose volume is
200 cm3.
• 2. pressure exerted by a force of 4800N acting on a
wall of length 2.4 m and width 2 m
• 3. Current flowing through a 24W device operating
on a 21V DC supply.
CALCULATE
• 4. Power of an electrical heat operating on a 230V
mains supply if the heater draws a current of 10A .
• 5. resistance of a device operating on a 240V mains
supply from which the devise draws 2A.
• 6. Heat energy produced when a 3 kW oven
operates for 10 hours .
• 7.mechanical advantage when an effort of 250N
lifts an object of mass 100kg
CALCULATE
• 8. Efficiency when work input is 4000J and work
output is 1500 J
• (9) Efficiency of a machine with mechanical
advantage of 2 and velocity ratio of 5.
• 10. The velocity ratio of an inclined plane of length
6m used to lift a drum of water through a vertical
height of 2 m.
• 11. The pressure at point 25 m in water of density
1000 kg / m3. [g = 10N/kg or m/ s2
CALCULATE
• 12. The force that causes an acceleration of 7 m/s2
on an object of mass 15 kg.
• 13. The mass of a cow weighing 2000 N given that g
= 10 N/ kg or m/s2
• 14. The concentration of solution formed when 20
g of solute is dissolved in 500 cm3 of water.
• 15. Th number of neutrons in a sodium atom given
that its proton number is 11 and it's mass number
is 23.
DETERMINE
• Implies that quantity to be found cannot be
measured directly but is obtained by calculation,
substituting measured or known provided values of
other quantities
DETERMINE
• DETERMINE
• 1.the power of the electric heater.
• 2 Resistance of the electric motor.
DEDUCE
• Implies that logical and valid conclusion should be
drawn from given information
• EXAMPLES
• 1. Deduce which element is a metal/ non-metal
from the their positions in the provided Periodic
Table
• 2. The acid base nature of the solutions/ which
solution is an acid/alkaline
• 3.type of food present
MEASURE
• Implies find the quantity of the concerned using a
suitable measuring instrument.
• 1.Name an instrument for measuring:-
• Length
• Mass
• Force
• Volume of liquiid
• Temperature current
• Voltage
MEASURE
2. Name the two types of scales on measuring
instruments..
3.Name two types of errors in measuremts.
4. Describe how you would ensure accurate
measurement of volume of water using a measuring
cylinder.
FIND
• Implies that candidate is expected to calculate,
measure or determine.
OUTLINE
• Means to give the essential points.
• EXAMPLES
• Outline:-
• 1.the industrial production of ammonium nitrate
fertilser
• 2. The route followed by food in the digestive
system
IDENTIFY
• May require a candidate to use some given
information which include displayed structures in
the question to name components, processes etc.
IDENTIFY
• 1.metas and non-metals
• 2.the three states of matter
• 3. Laboratory apparatus
• 4. Problems caused by limited bio- diversity
• 4. Factors two affecting production of biogas
• 5.regions of acidity, neutrality and alkalinity / basecity of
a substance on the pH scale using Universal indicator
• 6. Parts of internal structure of a leaf from a given
diagram
• 7.Specialised celfs
SKETCH
• Implies the shape and / position of the graph /
curve should only be qualitatively correct.
• EXAMPLE
• SKETCH a graph of results of experiment to verify
Ohm''s law.
PREDICT
• Impies that given information should be analysed to
state what is being asked.
• EXAMPLES
• PREDICT
• t1 he reactivity of a metal from its position in the
Reactivity Series
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
• Implies give differences
• Table presentation is easier
• EXAMPLES
• DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
• 1. Fractional and simple distillation
• 2. Vein and artery in terms of functions and
structured
• 3 mass and weight.
• 4. Physical and chemical changes
COMPILED BY MUZONDO T
CELL NUMBER 0772111484
PRACTICAL EXAM
COMBINED SCIENCE
RECORDING
• 1 .real observations made during the practical
should be written and candidates should avoid
being misled by theortical expectations.
• 2.TTablle should have rows and columns, headings
in both rows and columns and units of quantities in
brackets or after a slash
• 3. For recording measurement's in a table, marks
are awarded for ALL portions having figures written
(1 mark, AL figures quoted to at least 2 decimal
places, correct trend and accuracy
LINE REPRESENTATION OF
DATA
• Marrks are awarded for:-
• 1. Labelling both drawn axes (1)
• 2. Suitable and consistent scales written next to
both axes ie. Horizontal and vertical axes (1)
• 3.ploting all points correctly
• 4. Joining ALL plotted points with a smooth
continuous single line/ corve or line of best fit
BAR GRAPH / HISTOGRAM
• Marks awarded for:-
• 1.. Bar graph/ histogram
• 2. Labelling both axes
• 3.Categories labelling
• 4. Suitable and consistent vertical scale
• 5. Width of ALL bars same
• And some times for shading each har differentlly.
SORCES OF ERROR
DURING EXPERIMENT
• 1.include parallax and zero errors
• 2.Should be relevant to me practical
PRECATIONS TAKEN
DURING A PRACTICAL
• Include safety precautions and those taken to
ensure accurate results/ measurement
WAYS OF IMPROVING THIS
EXPERIMENT
• Should apply to the practical
 DIAGRAMS
• Marrks awarfed for:-
• 1. Correct shape
• 1 cllaarity
• Labelling
CARRY FORWARD ERROR
RULE
• Applied in calculations and linked questions.
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