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Perhitungan Kondensor Shell & Tube

This document summarizes the specifications and calculations for a shell and tube condenser. The condenser will cool vapor exiting a distillation tower at 159.78°C to 50°C using cooling water at 30°C. Key details include: 1) The condenser's heat duty is 547,265.6 kJ/hr and it requires 6,539.98 kg/hr of cooling water. 2) Engineering calculations determine the condenser should have 52 tubes that are 0.75 inches outer diameter and 16 feet long. 3) Performance predictions indicate the condenser will achieve a heat transfer coefficient of 14.77 Btu/hr-ft2-°F.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
113 views9 pages

Perhitungan Kondensor Shell & Tube

This document summarizes the specifications and calculations for a shell and tube condenser. The condenser will cool vapor exiting a distillation tower at 159.78°C to 50°C using cooling water at 30°C. Key details include: 1) The condenser's heat duty is 547,265.6 kJ/hr and it requires 6,539.98 kg/hr of cooling water. 2) Engineering calculations determine the condenser should have 52 tubes that are 0.75 inches outer diameter and 16 feet long. 3) Performance predictions indicate the condenser will achieve a heat transfer coefficient of 14.77 Btu/hr-ft2-°F.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CONDENSER (CD-01)

Tugas : Mengembunkan uap yang keluar dari menara distilasi pada suhu
159,78C dengan pendingin berupa air pada suhu 30C keluar suhu
50 C, dengan kecepatan umpan 1293,1561 kg/jam.
Tipe Alat : Shell & tube Condenser

T1 = 159,78C t2 = 50C

T2 = 159,78C

t1 = 30C
A. Panas Pengembunan Hasil Atas
Suhu puncak menara : 159,78 oC = 432,78 K
Menghitung panas laten :

Komponen A Tc n
H2O 52,053 647,13 0,321
C6H5CH3 50,139 591,79 0,383
C6H5CH2Cl 61,12 686 0,38
C6H5CH2OH 81,44 677 0,372

Contoh perhitungan panas laten H2O:


0,321
432,78
H2O = 52,053 x ( 1
647,13 )
= 36,5097 kJ/mol x 1000 mol/kmol x 0,239 kcal/kJ
= 8725,81 kcal/kmol
Komponen M , kmol/jam (kcal/kmol) M. (kcal/jam)
H2O 3,7378 8725,81 32615,71
C6H5CH3 0,4485 7244,001 3248,86
C6H5CH2Cl 9,1389 10002,47 91411,52
C6H5CH2OH 0,2643 13320,21 3520,399

Beban Panas Condenser (Qc) = 130796,48 Kcal/jam


= 547265,6 Kj/jam
= 519031,81 Btu/jam

B. Menentukan Jumlah Air Pendingin :


Suhu air pendingin masuk= 30oC
Suhu air pendingin keluar = 50oC
Cp air pendingin = 4,184 kJ/kg oC
Jumlah Pendingin :
Qc
Wc =
Cp( t 2t 1)
547265,6 kJ /Jam
=
4,184 kJ /kg (5030)
= 6539,98 kg/jam
= 14387,96 lb/jam
C. Perhitungan Alat
Suhu air pendingin masuk (t1): 30 oC = 86 oF
Suhu air pendingin keluar (t2) : 50 oC = 122oF
Suhu umpan masuk (T1) : 159,78 oC = 319,6 oF
Suhu umpan keluar (T2) : 159,78 oC = 319,6 oF

ln ( T 1t 2) / ( T 2t 1 )
T Lmtd = ( T 1 t2 ) ( T 2 t1 )

ln ( 319,6122 ) / ( 319,686 )
= ( 319,6122 ) ( 319,686 )

= 215,1 oF

a. Data Kondensor
Kecepatan Umpan masuk = 1293,1561 kg/j
= 2844,9435 lb/j
Kecepatan air pendingin = 6539,98 kg/jam
= 14387,96 lb/jam
Beban panas Condenser = 547265,6 kJ/jam
= 519031,81 BTU/jam

Overall heat transfer


Dari tabel 8 Kern hal.840 dipilih Ud untuk
Hot fluid = Gas
Cold fluid = Water
Range Ud = 2 50 Btu / j ft F
dipilh Ud = 15 Btu / j ft F

Pemilihan pipa
dari tabel 10. Kern dipilih pipa :
OD = 0,75 in
ID = 0,62 in
BWG = 16
at1 = 0,302 sqin
at2 = 0,1963 sqft/ft

b. Menentukan luas transfer Panas


Q
A =
Ud . Tlmtd
519031,81 Btu/ jam
= Btu
15 2
(215,1 )
jam ft
= 160,86 sqft

D. Jumlah Pipa
A
Nt =
L at2
160,86 sqft
= 16 (0,1963 sqft)
= 51,2 pipa
Dari tabel 9. Kern diperoleh lay out Condenser berupa HE 1 - 2 dengan
spesifikasi :
TUBE : SHELL :
OD, BWG = 0,75 in, 16 ID shell = 10 in
ID = 0,62 in Pass =1
Nt = 52
pitch = 1 in, triangular pitch
Panjang (l) = 16 ft
Pass (n) = 2
Qc
Ud terkoreksi =
L at 2 Nt Tlmtd
16 ( 0,1963 sqft ) 52 215,1
= 519031,81 Btu/ jam


= 14,77 Btu/j sqft oF
Tube side, cold fluid : Shell side, hot fluid
Luas per pipa (At) Jarak Buffle (B) :
Nt at 1 IDS
At = B =
n 4
52 0,302 sqin 10
= 144 = 4
2
ft
= 2,5 in
= 0,055 sqft
Kecepatan massa pendingin (Gt) Luas flow area ( As ) :
Wt IDS C B
Gt = As =
At 144 Pt
14387,96 lb / jam 2
= 144 2 1
0,055 sqft ft
=
= 263864,74 lb/sqft.j 100,252,5


= 0,043 ft
Kecepatan linier pendingin
Kecepatan massa umpan :

Vt = 3600 Gs = Ws / As
3
263864,74 lb/ sqft . j 0,454 kg 1 ft 2844,9435 lb / jam
3600
det
998 kg /m3
.
1lb
. (
0,3048 m ) =
0,043 ft
jam = 65547,499 lb/j ft
= 1,17 ft/s
De = 0,95 in = 0,0792 ft
(fig 28, Kern)
Bilangan Reynold
ID > Reynold Number Shell:
Ret =
De Gs
2 Res =
lb 1 ft
1,5748 cm 263864,74 . (
sqft . jam 30,48 cm ) 65547,499 lb
gr 1lb 3600 s 0,0792 ft
0,01 ( .)
cm. s 454 gr 1 jam kg
j ft 2
.
0,454 kg
1lb
.
1 ft
0,3048 m
0,9372
= 5640,66 m . jam
= 8249,95
Dari fig 25. Kern diperoleh :
hi = 330 Btu/(ft2.jam.F) Kecepatan massa umpan :
id Ws
hio = x hi G =
od L Nt 2 /3
0,75 2844,9435 lb / jam
=
= 0,62 x 330 16 52
2/3

= 12,76 lb/j ft2
Btu Dari fig 28. Kern diperoleh :
( ft 2 . jam . F) JH = 50
2
hio = 272,8 Btu/(ft .jam.F)
1 /3
Kth . Cp
ho = JH
De
x (
Kth )
1/ 3
J kg kJ

( )
0,107 0,9372 .0,55
s .m . K m . jam kmol . K
50 x
0,02413m kJ kg
0,3852 .95,16
jam .m . K kmol
ho = 54,26 kJ/(m2.s.K)
= 9556,13 Btu/(ft2.jam.F)
Ta = (t1 + t2) / 2
= (86 + 122)/2
= 104 oF
Tv = (T1 + T2) / 2
= (319,6 + 319,6)/2
= 319,6 oF
Tw = Ta + ho/(ho+hio). (Tv - Ta)
9556,13
= 104+ x(319, 6104)
9556,13+272,8
= 313,6 oF
Tf = (ta + tw) / 2
= (104 + 313,6)/2
= 208,8 oF
Keterangan :
Tv : suhu rerata fluida panas [F]
Ta : suhu rerata fluida dingin [F]
Tw : suhu dinding luar tabung [F]
hi : koefisien transfer panas dalam tabung
ho : Koefisien perpindahan kalor embunan

Sifat embunannya pada suhu 208,8 oF :


spgr = 0,8075
Konduktivitas = 0,1063 Btu/(jam.ft.F)
Viscositas = 0,5126 cP
Dari fig. 12.9 Kern diperoleh hc = 150
hio
hc
Uc = +hio
hc
150 272,8
=
150+272,8
= 96,78 Btu/j sqft oF
UcUd
Rd =
Uc x Ud
96,7814,77
=
96,78 x 14,77
= 0,0573 j.sqft.oF/Btu

Rd gas = 0,001
Rd air = 0,001
Rd min total = 0,001 + 0,001 = 0,002 j.sqft.oF/Btu
Jadi Rd > Rd min -----> bisa digunakan

E. Pressure Drop
a. Shell
ID = 0,833 ft
Res = 8249,95
= 0,131 lb/cuft
Dari fig. 29 hal. 839 ., Kern diperoleh f = 0,0028
2
f Gs IDs (N +1)
P shell =
g De
8249,95


= 2 0,833 2
0,0028 x

= 0,36 psi
P (diijinkan) < 2 psi
b. Pipa
ID = 0,0517 ft
Ret = 5640,66
= 62,4 lb/cuft
Dari fig.26 Kern diperoleh f = 0,00035
f 2 L n
Pt =
2 g ID x
0,00035(5640,66)2 16 2
=
4,17.108 0,0517 x 62,4
= 0,58 psi
P (diijinkan) < 10 psi
Ringkasan Perhitungan

Kondensor Total

Tugas : Mengembunkan uap yang keluar dari MD pada suhu


159,78C dengan pendingin berupa air pada suhu 30C
keluar suhu 50 C, dengan kecepatan umpan 1293,1561
kg/jam.
Jenis alat : Shell & tube Condenser
Kondisi : Suhu masuk (T1) = 159,78 oC
Suhu keluar (T2) = 159,78 oC
Pendingin masuk (t1) = 30 oC
Pendingin keluar (t2) = 50 oC
Beban panas : 547265,6 kJ/jam
Jumlah air pendingin : 6539,98 kg/jam
Spesifikasi kondensor :

TUBE : SHELL :
OD, BWG = 0,75 in, 16 ID shell = 10 in
ID = 0,62 in Pass =1
Nt = 52 P = 0,36 psi
pitch = 1 in, triangular Pass =1
Panjang (l) = 16 ft
Pass (n) = 2
Rd = 0,0573
P = 0,58 psi

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