[MAA 5.
4] CHAIN RULE
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis
O. Practice questions
1. Solutions are shown in the question.
2.
dy
y f ( x) f ( x )
dx
dy 2
y e2 x ln(2 x 3) 2e 2 x
dx 2x 3
dy
y e 2π ln(2π 3) 0 (since y is a constant)
dx
dy 5x4 2
y x 5 2x 1
dx 2 x 5 2 x 1
2x 1 dy 2(3 x 5) 3(2 x 1) 13
y
3x 5 dx (3 x 5) 2
(3 x 5) 2
2x 1 dy
y (2 x 1)(3 x 5) 2 2(3 x 5) 2 6(2 x 1)(3x 5) 3
(3 x 5) 2 dx
2x 1 dy 2 6
y ln ln(2 x 1) 2 ln(3 x 5)
(3 x 5) 2 dx 2 x 1 3 x 5
(2 x 1)3 dy 6 6
y ln 3ln(2 x 1) 2 ln(3 x 5)
(3 x 5) 2 dx 2 x 1 3 x 5
x3 1 dy 1 1 3
y ln ln( x 3) 3ln( x 1)
( x 1)3 2 dx 2 x 3 x 1
3.
ds
s 10 cos t 10sin t
dt
ds
s cos(10 t ) 10sin10t
dt
ds
s cos(t 10 ) 10t 9 sin(t10 )
dt
ds
s cos10 t 10(cos9 t )(sin t )
dt
1
4.
dy dy
Function: y Derivative: Function: y Derivative:
dx dx
dy dy
y f ( x )3 3 f ( x) 2 f ( x) y f ( x3 ) 3 x 2 f ( x3 )
dx dx
dy dy
y e f ( x) e f ( x ) f ( x) y f (e x ) f (e x ) e x
dx dx
dy dy
y sin f ( x ) cos f ( x ) f ( x) y f (sin x ) f (sin x) cos x
dx dx
dy f ( x) dy f (ln x)
y ln f ( x) y f (ln x)
dx f ( x) dx x
dy f ( x) dy f ( x)
y f ( x) y f ( x)
dx 2 f ( x ) dx 2 x
5.
Function Derivative Derivative at x 1
f (x) 3 3 f ( x) 2 f ( x) 3 f (1) 2 f (1) 3 (2) 2 3 36
f ( 2 x 2) 2 f (2 x 2) 2 f (0) 2
3
e f (x) e f ( x ) f ( x) e f (1) f (1) 3e 2
e2
f ( x) f (1) 3
ln f ( x)
f ( x) f (1) 2
f (ln x) f (ln1)
f (ln x) f (0) 1
x 1
f g (x ) f g ( x) g ( x) f g (1) g (1) f 1 g (1) 6
g f ( x) 2 g f ( x ) 2 f ( x ) g f (1) 2 f (1) g 0 f (1) 15
sin x
6. (a) y tan x
cos x
dy sin x sin x cos x( cos x) sin 2 x cos 2 x 1
2
2
dx cos x cos x cos 2 x
dy x
(b) (i) tan x
dx cos 2 x
dy 3
(ii)
dx cos 2 3 x
dy 2 tan x 2sin x
(iii)
dx cos 2 x 3
cos x
dy 3 tan 2 x 3sin 2 x
(iv)
dx cos 2 x cos 4 x
2
A. Exam style questions (SHORT)
2
1
7. (a) 12 x( x 2 5) 2 (b) 4 xe x
x
8. (a) 7e x 4e 2 (b) 9 sin 3 x 1
2x π x 1 2 / 3
9. (a) π sin x (b) + x
x 1
2
2 x 5 2 3
10. (a) 6(2 x 5) 2 8 x 22
(b) f ( x ) 1 , so 0 f ( x ) 0
OR f ( x ) 2 sin x cos x 2 cos x sin x 0
dy
11. (i) = sin 3 x 3 x cos 3 x
dx
1
x ln x
dy x 1 ln x
(i) 2
dx x x2
d 2
12. (a) (x + 1)2 = 2(x2 + 1) × (2x) = 4x(x2 + 1)
dx
d 1 3
(b) (ln(3x – 1)) = × (3) =
dx 3x 1 3x 1
dy 4 2
13. (a) =
dx 2 3 4x 3 4x
1 1
dy 1
OR y = 3 4 x (3 4 x ) 2 (3 4 x) 2 (–4)
dx 2
dy
(b) y = esin x = (cos x)(esin x)
dx
1 3x
14. f (x) = e – 10 cos x sin x
3
15. (a) f (x) = 3(2x + 7)2 2= 6 (2x + 7)2 ( = 24x2 + 168x + 294)
(b) g (x) = 2 cos (4x)( sin (4x))(4) = 8 cos (4x) sin (4x) (= 4 sin (8x))
dy 2 dy
16. y = ln(2x – 1) 2(2 x – 1) –1
dx 2 x – 1 dx
d2 y
– 2(2 x – 1) – 2 (2)
dx 2
d2 y –4
dx 2
2 x – 12
2
17. (a) If f (x) = ln(2x – 1), Then f (x) =
2x 1
2
(b) Put = x x = 1.28 (using a GDC or the quadratic formula)
2x 1
3
dy
18. y = sin (2x – 1) = 2 cos (2x – 1)
dx
1
At , 0 , the gradient of the tangent = 2 cos 0 = 2
2
19. y = sin(kx) – kx cos(kx)
dy
= k cos(kx) – k{cos(kx) + x[–k sin(kx)]}
dx
= k cos(kx) – k cos(kx) + k2x sin(kx) = k2 x sin(kx)
20.
21. (a) f′(x) = –sin 2x × 2 (= –2 sin 2x)
1 3
(b) g′(x) = 3 ×
3x 5 3x 5
3
(c) product rule: h′(x) = (cos 2x) + ln(3x – 5)(–2 sin 2x)
3x 5
22. (a) f (x) = 5e5x
(b) g (x) = 2 cos 2x
(c) h = fg + gf ′= e5x (2 cos 2x) + sin 2x (5e5x)
π
23. (a) (i) –3e–3x (ii) cos x
3
(b) product rule
π π
h′(x) = –3e–3x sin x e 3 x cos x
3 3
π π
π 3 π π 3 π π
h′ = 3e 3 sin e 3 cos = e–π
3 3 3 3 3
24. (a) p 100e0 100
dp
(b) Rate of increase is 0.05 100e0.05t 5e 0.05t
dt
When t 10
dp
dt
5e0.05(10) 5e0.5 8.24 5 e
4
25. (a) n = 800e0 = 800
(b) derivative: n′(15) = 731
(c) METHOD 1
setting up inequality. n′(t) > 10 000
k = 35.1226...
least value of k is 36
METHOD 2
n′(35) = 9842, and n′(36) = 11208
least value of k is 36
ln 2
26. (a) 1300 650e 20 k k
20
dn
(b) 650 ke kt
dt
dn
when t 90, 509.734 510 to 3 s.f.
dt
dy dy
27. (i) y f ( x)2 2 f ( x) f ( x) . At x 1 , 2 2 4 16
dx dx
dy dy
(ii) y f ( x2 ) f ( x 2 ) 2 x . At x 1 , 2 2 1 4
dx dx
dy dy
28. (i) y f ( x )3 3 f ( x)2 f ( x) . At x 1 , 3 22 4 48
dx dx
dy dy
(ii) y f ( x3 ) f ( x3 ) 3 x 2 . At x 1 , 2 3 12 6
dx dx
dy f ( x) dy 4
29. (i) y ln f ( x) . At x 1 , 2
dx f ( x ) dx 2
dy 1 dy 1 2
(ii) y f ( x) f ( x) . At x 1 , 4 2
dx 2 f ( x ) dx 2 2 2
30.
1
31. (a) f (x) = sin2x + cosx
2
f (x) = cos 2x – sin x
= 1 – 2 sin2 x – sin x = (1 + sin x)(1 – 2 sinx)
1
= 0 when sin x = – 1 or
2
π 3π π 5π
(b) x , , , .
2 2 6 6
5
32. y = e3x sin(πx)
dy
(a) = 3e3x sin(πx) + πe3x cos(πx)
dx
π
(b) 0 = e3x(3 sin(πx) + πcos(πx)) tan (πx) = –
3
πx = –0.80845 + x = 0.7426… (0.743 to 3 s.f.)
33.
( x 2)(2 x 5) ( x 2 5 x 5) x 2 4 x 5
34. (a) f ( x)
( x 2) 2 ( x 2)2
x2 4x 5
(b) 2
( x 2) 2
x2 4x 5 2x2 8x 8
x 2 4 x 3 0 3 x 1 (and x –2)
(NOTICE: by a graph in GDC, we can find the same solution)
35. (a) (1.54, 0) (4.13, 0) (accept x = 1.54 x = 4.13)
(b)
y
3
2
1
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10
Note: Curve passing through (0, 4), a range of approximately 9 to 2.3.
(c) gradient is 2
6
B. Exam style questions (LONG)
36. (a) (i) f ( x ) 6sin 2 x
(ii) EITHER f ( x) 12sin x cos x 0 sin x 0 or cos x 0
OR sin 2 x 0 , for 0 2 x 2
π
THEN x 0, , π
2
(b) (i) translation in the y-direction of –1
(ii) 1.11 (1.10 from TRACE is subject to AP)
8
37. (a) recognizing the amplitude is the radius: a a=4
2
2
(b) period = 30: b
30 15
(c) recognizing h′(t) = –0.5
4π π
–0.5 = cos t t = 10.6, t = 19.4
15 15
(d) h(t) < 0 so underwater; h(t) > 0 so not underwater
19.4π
h(19.4) = 4 sin 2 = –1.19
15
OR
solving h(t) = 0, graph showing region below x-axis, roots 17.5, 27.5
Hence, the bucket is underwater, yes
38. (a)
Note: approximately sinusoidal shape,
end points approximately correct, (–2π, 4), (2π, 4)
approximately correct position of graph,
(y-intercept (0, 4) maximum to right of y-axis).
(b) (i) 5 (ii) 2π (6.28) (iii) –0.927
(c) f(x) = 5 sin (x + 0.927) (accept p = 5, q = 1, r = 0.927)
(d) (man or min)
one 3 s.f. value which rounds to one of –5.6, –2.5, 0.64, 3.8
(e) k = –5, k = 5
1
(f) g′(x) =
x 1
f′(x) = 3 cos x – 4 sin x (5 cos(x + 0.927))
g′(x) = f′(x)
x = 0.511
