Assignment – Complex Numbers (Step-by-Step
Solutions)
Q1) Calculate (2 + 3i)(4 − i).
(2+3i)(4−i) = 2·4 + 2·(−i) + 3i·4 + 3i·(−i)
= 8 − 2i + 12i − 3i²
Since i² = −1, −3i² = −3(−1) = +3
= (8+3) + (−2i + 12i) = 11 + 10i
Answer: 11 + 10i
Q2) Express (3 + 2i)/(1 − i) in the form a + bi.
Multiply numerator and denominator by the conjugate (1 + i):
(3+2i)/(1−i) × (1+i)/(1+i) = ((3+2i)(1+i))/((1−i)(1+i))
Numerator: (3+2i)(1+i) = 3 + 3i + 2i + 2i² = 3 + 5i − 2 = 1 + 5i
Denominator: (1−i)(1+i) = 1 − i² = 1 − (−1) = 2
Therefore (3+2i)/(1−i) = (1+5i)/2 = 1/2 + (5/2)i
Answer: 1/2 + (5/2)i
Q3) Solve for z: z² + 4z + 13 = 0.
Using quadratic formula z = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac))/(2a), a=1, b=4, c=13
Discriminant ∆ = 4² − 4·1·13 = 16 − 52 = −36
z = (−4 ± √(−36))/2 = (−4 ± 6i)/2 = −2 ± 3i
Answer: z = −2 + 3i or z = −2 − 3i
Q4) Show that (−1 + √3 i)³ is a real number.
Let z = −1 + √3 i. Modulus |z| = √[ (−1)² + (√3)² ] = √(1+3) = 2.
Argument θ: tan θ = (√3)/(−1) = −√3, and z lies in Quadrant II ⇒ θ = 120° = 2π/3.
So z = 2( cos(2π/3) + i sin(2π/3) ).
By De Moivre, z³ = 2³ [ cos(3·2π/3) + i sin(3·2π/3) ] = 8( cos 2π + i sin 2π ) = 8.
Conclusion: (−1 + √3 i)³ = 8, which is real.
Q5) Show that ( (√3)/2 + (i/2) )³ = i.
(√3)/2 + (i/2) = cos(π/6) + i sin(π/6).
Using De Moivre: [cos(π/6)+i sin(π/6)]³ = cos(π/2) + i sin(π/2) = i.
Answer: i
Q6) If x + 2i + 15iy = 7x + i³ (y + 4), find x + y.
Since i³ = −i, the right side becomes 7x − i (y + 4).
Equate real parts: x = 7x ⇒ −6x = 0 ⇒ x = 0.
Equate imaginary parts: 2 + 15y = −(y + 4) ⇒ 16y = −6 ⇒ y = −3/8.
Therefore x + y = 0 + (−3/8) = −3/8.
Answer: x + y = −3/8
Q7) Find the value of (i■ + i■ + i■ + i■) / (i² + i³).
Use i■ = 1.
i■ = i² = −1, i■ = i³ = −i, i■ = 1, i■ = i.
Numerator: (−1) + (−i) + 1 + i = 0.
Denominator: i² + i³ = (−1) + (−i) = −1 − i.
Hence value = 0 / (−1 − i) = 0.
Answer: 0
Q8) Find the square root(s) of 1 + 4√3 i.
Let √(1 + 4√3 i) = a + bi. Then (a + bi)² = 1 + 4√3 i.
Equate parts: a² − b² = 1 …(1), 2ab = 4√3 ⇒ ab = 2√3 …(2).
Also |1 + 4√3 i| = √(1 + 48) = 7 ⇒ a² + b² = 7 …(3).
From (1) & (3): 2a² = 8 ⇒ a² = 4 ⇒ a = ±2; then b² = 3 ⇒ b = ±√3.
Choose signs from (2): ab must be +2√3 ⇒ (a,b) = (2, √3) or (−2, −√3).
So the two square roots are 2 + √3 i and −2 − √3 i.
Answer: 2 + √3 i and −2 − √3 i
Q9) Find the value of x³ − x² + x + 46 if x = 2 + 3i.
x = 2 + 3i
x² = (2 + 3i)² = 4 + 12i + 9i² = −5 + 12i
x³ = x·x² = (2 + 3i)(−5 + 12i) = −10 + 24i − 15i + 36i² = −46 + 9i
x³ − x² + x + 46 = (−46 + 9i) − (−5 + 12i) + (2 + 3i) + 46
= (−46 + 5 + 2 + 46) + (9i − 12i + 3i) = 7 + 0i = 7
Answer: 7
Q10) Solve the quadratic equation 2x² + 3ix + 2 = 0.
Discriminant ∆ = (3i)² − 4·2·2 = −9 − 16 = −25.
√∆ = √(−25) = 5i.
x = [−3i ± 5i] / (2·2) = [−3i ± 5i]/4.
Thus x■ = (2i)/4 = i/2 and x■ = (−8i)/4 = −2i.
Answer: x = i/2 or x = −2i
